| Tagetes erecta L,an annual herbaceous plant of Compositae,is cultivated in some varieties because of its rich lutein in flowers.As the largest production base of pigment marigold in China,Shache County has various planting patterns,but the selection is relatively blind.In order to scientifically evaluate the effects of different planting patterns on the growth and economic benefits of pigment marigold,the main cultivar’American 5’in Shache County was used as the research material.The growth and development dynamics,yield and economic benefits of pigment marigold under different planting patterns were observed and compared,in order to provide reference for the selection of planting patterns of pigment marigold in Shache County.The results are as follows:(1)Among the 13 treatments,the canopy light of monoculture was the strongest,reaching 12200.33Lux,and the temperature was high,but the humidity was low.The crown width of 9-year-old Padan and walnut trees in intercropping was close,and the crown width of walnut trees at the same age was more than15%of that of Padan after 12 years old.The results of canopy microclimate observation under intercropping mode showed that the light intensity of plant canopy was the highest under monoculture mode.With the increase of tree age and canopy expansion,the light intensity and humidity of plant canopy decreased in turn,and the temperature increased in turn.The light intensity,temperature and humidity of edge ridge were weaker than those of middle ridge.(2)Under the monoculture and intercropping modes,the growth period of P.marigold was 149 d,and the flowering period was 84 d.The dynamic changes of plant growth and development were relatively consistent.With the extension of growth period,the crown width,plant height,leaf number and the number of primary and secondary branches of P.marigold plants on the middle ridge of the edge ridge under the crown width of different tree ages of the two species showed a trend of first increase and then decrease.The stem diameter,leaf length and leaf width showed rapid growth in the early stage,and tended to be flat in the late stage.The number of flowers per plant increased slowly in the early stage(65 d-86 d after planting),and increased significantly in the late stage.Compared with walnut intercropping,walnut intercropping had larger crown width,larger flower diameter and higher dry weight of flowers,but thinner stem diameter,fewer primary branches and lower fresh weight of flowers.15-year-old walnut had higher plant height,leaf number,leaf width,secondary branches,single flower number and lutein content.(3)The growth period of marigold was 105 days and the flowering period was 49 days under wheat multiple cropping.Compared with monoculture,marigold had higher plants,thicker stems,longer leaves and more primary and secondary branches,but the number of flowers per plant was only about 60%of that under monoculture.(4)The yield and economic benefit analysis of different planting patterns showed that with the increase of intercropping tree age,the yield per plant of P.mandshurica decreased in turn,and that under walnut trees increased in turn.Among the eight planting patterns,the yield of P.mandshurica under 15-year-old walnut intercropping was the highest,reaching 3378.396 kg/667 m~2.Combined with the economic income statistics of intercropping trees,the total income of P.mandshurica under 15-year-old walnut intercropping was the highest,reaching 3784.8 CNY/667 m~2,and that under wheat multiple cropping was the lowest,reaching 1931.4 CNY/667 m~2.In conclusion,the economic benefit of pigment marigold-walnut intercropping was the highest,followed by intercropping with Padan wood,and intercropping with wheat was less than monoculture.The low light condition between pigment marigold and large walnut trees was beneficial to the flower growth of pigment marigold.The flower yield and walnut yield were significantly higher than those of other planting patterns,and the economic benefit was good.It can be popularized and applied in Shache County. |
