| The combined application of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers can not only increase soil nutrients and soil vitality,but also promote crop growth and development.The effects of combined application of cow dung and nitrogen fertilizers on soil nutrients,enzyme activities,microbial biomass,corn yield and nitrogen accumulation in different growth stages of maize were discussed,in order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for scientific fertilization of maize cultivation and sustainable soil utilization.Soil nutrients are essential nutrients for plant life activities,and their content directly affects the growth and development of crops.Soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass directly participate in the process of soil biochemical transformation,and their activity indirectly reflects the soil quality level.In this study,in Shaya County,Aksu City,Xinjiang,5 treatments were set up in a field experiment,namely no cow manure and nitrogen fertilizer,no cow manure + nitrogen fertilizer 225 kg/ha,cow manure 3000 kg/ha + nitrogen fertilizer 225 kg/ha,cow manure 6000kg/ha + nitrogen fertilizer 225 kg/ha and cow manure 12000 kg/ha + nitrogen fertilizer 225kg/ha to study the effects of cow dung and nitrogen fertilizer combined application on soil nutrients,enzyme activities,microbial biomass and corn yield and nitrogen accumulation during the whole maize growth period.The test results are as follows:1.Effects on soil nutrients: During the whole maize growing period,compared with the nitrogen fertilizer only,soil organic matter increased by 8.23% ～ 24.73%,total nitrogen increased by 2.50% ～ 42.49%,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen increased by 7.52% ～ 44.48%,ammonium nitrogen increased by 5.03% ～ 101.19%,nitrate nitrogen increased by 3.37% ～104.42%,and available phosphorus increased by 21.26% ～ 90.43% after nitrogen fertilizer was applied with cow dung.The above indicators all increased significantly with the increase of the amount of cow dung applied,and showed a downward trend with the growth and development of maize.2.Effects on soil enzyme activity: During the whole maize growing period,compared with nitrogen fertilizer alone,the activity of soil catalase increased by 5.91% ～ 29.62%,the activity of urease was increased by 4.22% ～ 26.64%,and the activity of sucrase was increased by 6.68% ～ 66.24% after nitrogen fertilizer was applied with cow dung.The above indexes all increased significantly with the increase of cow dung application amount.During the whole growth period of maize,the activities of soil catalase and urease increased first and then decreased with the growth and development of maize,and reached the peak in the silking stage,while the activity of soil invertase was always on the rise.3.Effects on soil microbial biomass: During the whole maize growth period,increasing the application of cow dung can significantly promote the accumulation of nitrogen and carbon in soil microbial biomass,and the content of the two is proportional to the amount of cow dung applied.Compared with the nitrogen fertilizer only,the soil microbial biomass carbon increased by 13.54% ～ 95.20% and the microbial biomass nitrogen increased by12.55% ～ 90.01% after cow dung combined with nitrogen fertilizer.During the whole growth period of maize,soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content first increased and then decreased with the growth and development of maize,and reached the peak in the silking stage.4.Effects on corn yield and nutrient absorption: Increasing application of cow dung was beneficial to the improvement of corn grain yield,above-ground dry matter accumulation and total nitrogen uptake,and increased significantly with the increase of cow dung application.Compared with the nitrogen fertilizer only,the corn kernel yield increased by 5.00% ～12.65%,the dry matter accumulation in the shoots increased by 1.63% ～ 9.74%,and the total nitrogen uptake in the shoots increased by 8.35% ～ 45.70%.5.Correlation and principal component analysis showed that soil catalase,urease,invertase,microbial biomass carbon,microbial biomass nitrogen,organic matter,and available phosphorus were extremely significantly positively correlated(P<0.01),there was a very significant positive correlation between soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen(P<0.01).Comprehensive research shows that the combination of cow dung with nitrogen fertilizer can effectively increase the soil nutrient content in the 0-20 cm soil layer,increase the soil enzyme activity and the content of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,thereby promoting the increase of maize production,and both of them can be increased with the application of cow dung,and increased significantly with the increase in intake.Appropriate control measures of adding cow dung to corn fields in southern Xinjiang can improve soil fertility and corn yield. |
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