Diversity Of Bird Communities In Hunan Baiyunshan National Nature Reserve

Baiyun Mountain National Natural Reserve in Hunan Province is a core zone of ecological flora in China(an important part of Central China)and one of the 200 important ecological areas in the world.Coupled with its unique geographical location,the biodiversity resources here are very abundant.However,there is relatively little background information and basic research.Based on this,from October 2021 to October 2022,A comprehensive survey of wild bird resources in Baiyun Mountain National Nature Reserve in Hunan Province was carried out by using the infrared camera trap method of transect method.It is of great scientific significance to supplement the background information of bird resources in Baiyunshan National Nature Reserve and understand the current situation of bird resources,thus providing an important scientific basis for the conservation and sustainable development of species diversity,protection of pests and diseases,and the balance maintenance of ecosystems in the Reserve.A preliminary exploration was conducted on the relationship between bird species,quantity,and distribution status at two scales of different habitats and seasons.The main research results are as follows:(1)A total of 196 kinds of birds were recorded in this investigation.They belong to 17 orders and 52 families;the dominant bird species are Pycnonotus xanthorrhous and Spizixos semitorques;seen from the floral component,among the birds recorded,there are 33 kinds of birds from the oriental realm and 163 kinds of birds of ubiquitous species;in terms of inhabitation,there are 113 kinds of resident birds,40 kinds of summer resident birds,24 kinds of winter resident birds,and 19 kinds of passing birds in the reserve;and a total of 2 kinds of first-class key birds under state protection and 27 kinds of second-class key birds under state protection have been found in the reserve.(2)Compared to the scientific investigation report of Baiyun Mountain in 2014,64 bird species were added.They belong to 9 orders and 28 families.An order and two families were added.8 kinds of animals under state protection,1 first-class bird species under state protection(Ciconia nigra),and 7 second-class bird species under state protection were added.There are 257 bird species in the Baiyun Mountain Natural Reserve,accounting for 56.61%of the total number of birds in Hunan Province.(3)The species composition and diversity of bird communities of 15 line transects were analyzed.It was found that No.05(Xiachuandong-Wanmipo Town)line transect had the highest diversity index of bird communities and No.06(Mawang Tea Farm)line transect had the lowest diversity index;No.05(Xiachuandong-Wanmipo Town)line transect had the highest uniformity index and No.06(Mawang Tea Farm)line transect had the lowest uniformity index;and No.05(Xiachuandong-Wanmipo Town)line transect had the highest dominance index and No.09(Maojiaping-Dashuijing)line transect had the lowest dominance index.(4)The species composition and diversity of bird communities in 6 kinds of habitats in the reserve were analyzed.It was found that the order of the diversity index of bird communities was as follows:mixed broadleaf-conifer forest>brush,bamboo forest,and grassland>broad-leaved forest>farnland and village>water area and wetland>coniferous forest;the order of the uniformity index of bird communities was as follows:mixed broadleaf-conifer forest>brysh,bamboo forest,and grassland>broad-Ieaved forest>farmland and village>water area and wetland>coniferous forest;and the order of the dominance index of bird communities was as follows:mixed broadleaf-conifer forest>shrub,bamboo forest,and grassland>broad-leaved forest>farmland and village>water area and wetland>coniferous forest.(5)The species composition and diversity of bird communities in different seasons were analyzed.It was found that the order of the diversity index of bird communities was as follows:autumn>summer>spring>winter;the order of the uniformity index of bird communities was as follows:summer>autumn>spring>winter;and the order of the dominance index of bird communities was as follows:summer>autumn>spring>winter..The species diversity of forest birds in Hunan Baiyunshan National Nature Reserve is very rich,and the bird resources in Baiyunshan National Nature Reserve have shown an obvious growth trend in the past 10 years.With the benign succession of the ecosystem in the Baiyunshan Nature Reserve,the composition and structure of bird communities are also slowly changing.At the same time,there are also many interference and even threat factors in Baiyun Mountain,such as community household waste,disorderly excavation,and even illegal hunting.It is necessary to strengthen ecological protection education and publicity,implement scientific enclosure for livestock,timely dispose of household waste discharged by surrounding residents,and develop ecological economy to carry out targeted scientific protection of birds in the protected area.