Regionalization Of Wine Grape Varieties And Soil Factors At The Eastern Foot Of Helan Mountains

The unique geographical environment of the eastern Helan Mountains has created distinctive soil characteristics,which is the condition for wine grapes to obtain special flavor,and wine grape varieties also have special dependence and adaptability to the soil.In the process of developing a large area of wine grapes in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountains,the soil advantages of the terroir have not been sufficiently explored.It is urgent to explore the soil advantages of the appellation,analyze the ecological adaptability of wine grape varieties,maximize the characteristics of the soil and varieties,and reasonably zone the area so that suitable varieties can be planted on the most suitable soil to produce a variety of wines with different styles.Taking grape varieties and soils in the wine-growing regions of the eastern Helan Mountains as the main objects of study,the following results were obtained through the zoning study of wine-growing varieties and soil factors in the appellation:(1)The main distribution areas in the eastern foot of Helan Mountains are:common gray calcium soil,light gray calcium soil,wind and sand soil,irrigation and silt soil,yellow cotton soil,gray desert soil,and saline soil.The flood plain at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain mainly has light gray calcium soil and common gray calcium soil;the alluvial plain of Yellow River mainly has irrigated silt soil,sandy soil and a small amount of scattered saline soil;the foot of Huanluo Mountain mainly has light gray calcium soil and common gray calcium soil;the production area of Shizui Mountain has a small amount of gray desert soil;the production area of Hongsiabao has yellow cotton soil and common gray calcium soil.Soil texture varies from west to east in a stepwise manner,and the variation is not obvious at different depths in the same area;the gravel content gradually decreases from west to east in front of Helan Mountain;there is strong spatial variability in the content and distribution of soil chemical elements,in which the element content of 0-30 cm soil layer is higher than that of 30-60 cm soil layer as a whole.The SOM,P,Ca,Mg,B,Mo,I and Co content are lacking and are at soil quality level 6.While N,Fe,Mn,S,Cu,Zn,Cl,Ni and Se content are moderate and at soil quality level 5.And K,Na,Si,V and F content are overall high and at soil quality level 2-3.(2)The main varieties of Cabernet Sauvignon,Chardonnay,Syrah,Verdell,Sauvignon Blanc,Yoni Blanc,Viognier and Petit Manseng are suitable for planting on gravelly gray-calcium soil with high gravel content,good aeration,low salt content and smooth drainage;varieties of Cabernet Sauvignon,Merlot,Matheran,Zidev,Guinness,Cabernet Franc,Petit Verdot and Riesling are suitable for planting on sandy loam soil with relatively good water and fertility conditions and moderate sand and powder;Pinot Noir is suitable for planting on calcareous soil with low cumulative temperature,thick soil layer and high clay content;Malbec is more ecologically adaptable and has better performance on all kinds of soils in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountains.(3)The same wine grape variety cultivated in different soil types showed large differences in grape quality,except for soluble sugar content,which was weakly variable,and titratable acid,total phenol,tannin and anthocyanin content,which were all of medium strength variation.Soil texture has the greatest effect on the soluble solids of grapes,with elevated gravel content increasing the soluble solids content of grapes.P,Mg,B,Si and F elements in the 30-60 cm soil layer had the greatest effect on grape quality.(4)Soil type,30-60 cm soil texture,and the content of P,Mg,B,Si and F elements in 30-60 cm soil layer were selected as soil factor zoning indicators,and the AHP-Entropy model was used to assign subjective-objective weights to the selected indicators,and the GIS spatial weighting overlay function was applied to finally obtain the soil factor zoning map with soil suitability evaluation levels of 1-4.Among all the production areas,Yinchuan has the best soil suitability.The red wine grapes,mainly Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot,are well adapted in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountains,and are suitable for planting on coarse sandy soils with a gravelly texture in light and normal gray-calcium soils.White wine grapes such as Chardonnay,which are highly adaptable to the soil,are well adapted in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountains,where they can be grown in gravelly,grey-calcic soils.The varieties that are suitable for planting in acidic soil,such as noble fragrance,have a more general adaptability in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountains.On the whole,the area along the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountains,the wind-sand soil area in the western part of Zhongwei and the Luoshan area in Hongsiabao are suitable for the cultivation of a variety of wine grapes,while the irrigated silt soil along the Yellow River and the inset saline soil area around Shizuishan are not suitable for the cultivation of wine grapes.