Study On The Cultivation Characteristics Of Newly Introduced Wine Grape Varieties In The Eastern Part Of Helan Mountains

In this paper,the newly introduced red wine grape varieties ’Marselan’,’Malbec’ and white varieties ’Petit Manseng’ and ’Viognier’ in the Eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia were used as experimental materials,and ’Cabernet Sauvignon’ and ’Chardonnay’,which were widely planted in the production area,were used as controls to observe the phenological period,botanical traits and growth result habits of each cultivar,and to determine the photosynthetic light response curve,CO2 response curve and photosynthetic day changes of different varieties of mature leaves,and to monitor the ripeness of berries at the beginning of color transformation.The results are as follows:1.In terms of phenological period,’Chardonnay’ and ’Viognier’ are medium-ripe varieties(130～145 d),and the other 4 varieties are late maturing varieties(>145 d).The botanical traits of each variety are comprehensively described,and each variety is different.In winter,pruning the fruiting mother shoots,leaving short shoots with germination rate,fruiting branch rate and fruiting coefficient were better than those of middle and long shoots.In terms of growth fruiting habits,the germination rate of ’Marselan’,’Viognier’ and ’Petit Manseng’ were higher than that of CK(’Cabernet Sauvignon’ and ’Chardonnay’),Malbec’s fruit rate(90%)was higher than CK,and the fruit setting rate of ’Petit Manseng’(64%)and’Viognier’(54%)was higher than CK.2.Among the characteristic parameters of the light response curve,the maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pm)and light saturation point(LSP)of ’Marselan’,were significantly higher than those of other varieties,and the light compensation point(LCP)and dark respiration rate(Rd)of ’Chardonnay’ were higher than those of other varieties and the apparent quantum efficiency(AQY)was lower than that of other varieties.It can be seen from the characteristic parameters of CO2 response curve that Viognier’s carboxylation efficiency(CE),maximum photosynthetic capacity(Amax)and photorespiration rate(Rq)are significantly higher than those of other varieties,and the CO2 saturation point(CSP)of each variety varies between 1109.98～1318.83 μmol·m-2·s-1,Chardonnay’s CO2 compensation point(CCP)is the highest,77.74 μmol·m-2·s-1,and Viognier’s is the lowest,60.18 μmol·m-2·s-1.Among the photosynthetic diurnal changes of different varieties in July,the daily Pn of ’Marselan’ and ’Malbec’ showed a bimodal curve,and the daily Pn of the remaining 4 grape varieties showed a unimodal curve.In August,the daily Pn of ’Cabernet Sauvignon’,’Marselan’and ’Malbec’ showed obvious bimodal curves,and the daily Pn of the other three varieties showed unimodal curves.In September,the daily Pn of ’Cabernet Sauvignon’,’Marselan’ and ’Petit Manseng’ showed a trimodal curve,and the daily Pn of the other 3 varieties showed a bimodal curve.3.During the ripening process of grapes,the soluble solids and reducing sugars of various varieties of berries were consistent and generally in the rising stage,among which the soluble solids and reducing sugars of ’Petit Manseng’ were higher than those of other varieties,25.02%and 233.22 g·L-1,and Malbec’s soluble solids and reducing sugar contents were the lowest,21.22%and 198.22 g·L-1.In terms of titratable acids,the content of titratable acids of various varieties decreased rapidly three weeks before sampling,and the content of titratable acids decreased slowly with the passage of maturity time.Among them,the titratable acid content of ’Petit Manseng’ was higher,8.68 g·L-1,and the titratable acid content of’Cabernet Sauvignon’ was lower by 3.77 g·L-1.In terms of phenolic substances,the total phenol content in the peel of ’Cabernet Sauvignon’,’Marselan’ and ’Viognier’ showed a gradual upward trend in the early stage and then began to decline slowly,while the total phenol content in the peel of ’Malbec’,’Chardonnay’ and ’Petit Manseng’ has been in a slow downward trend,the total phenolic content in the peel of ’Malbec’ during the harvest period is the highest,81.02 mg·g-1,and the lowest total phenolic content of ’Chardonnay’ peel is 24.46 mg.g’1.The total phenolic content in the seeds of the ’Petit Manseng’grapes was in a slow downward trend,and the total phenolic content in the seeds of the other five varieties increased first and then tended to decrease slowly,and the total phenolic content in the seeds of ’Marselan’was the highest at 127.69 mg·g-1 at the harvest stage,and the lowest total phenolic content in ’Viognier’grape seeds,71.65 mg·g-1.The overall trend of tannin content in peels and seeds of all varieties was consistent,showing a slow downward trend,and only in individual periods there was an upward trend,with the highest tannin content in ’Malbec’ peel at 76.53 mg·g-1 at harvest and the lowest tannin content in ’Chardonnay’ peel at 18 mg·g-1.The highest tannin content was 102.04 mg·g-1 in ’Marselan’ seeds at harvest and the lowest tannin content in ’Viognier’ grape seeds at 54.86 mg·g-1.The content of anthocyanins in the peels of the three red cultivars was in a rapid increase stage three weeks before sampling,and then the content of anthocyanins in the peels was slowly increasing,among which the content of anthocyanins in ’Malbec’ peel was the highest,at 35.88 mg·g-1,and the lowest in ’Marselan’,at 26.71 mg·g-1.