Meteorological Disaster Warning And Overwintering Cold Prevention Techniques In The Wine-growing Areas Of The Eastern Helan Mountains

Meteorological disasters have always been an important factor limiting the development of the wine-growing region in the eastern Helan Mountains.Every year,frost damage and spring draining caused by early and late frosts and high winds occur,which seriously affect the development of the industry.Based on the forecast of extreme weather,targeted disaster prevention is essential for the healthy development of the wine grape industry in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountains.Based on the meteorological data of the past 40 years,this paper systematically studied the development trends and laws of meteorological disasters in the wine-growing areas of the eastern Helan Mountains using MK nonparametric test and inverse distance weight interpolation,established technical specifications for frost warning,and selected the core wine-growing area of the eastern Helan Mountains,Minning Town,Yuquanying Leland Winery,as a pilot project.The study investigated the thermal insulation and moisture retention performance of different mulching materials and the changes of resistance indexes,with a view to providing theoretical guidance for the sustainable development of wine grape industry.The main research results were:(1)In the analysis of extreme low temperatures in the dominant wine-growing regions of the eastern Helan Mountains,the number and intensity of early and late frost days at the Shizuishan site showed an increasing trend among various frost levels,while the rest of the sites showed a decreasing trend.In the screening of overwintering cold prevention technology,the insulation and moisture retention performance under quilt+shallow mulch treatment was better,and the budding rate was higher than other treatments,and the quality indexes of post-performance evaluation were also better under quilt+shallow mulch cover material,which has certain application prospects.The extreme high temperatures mainly occurred in summer,and the temperatures on the west side of Shizuishan,Yinchuan,Qingtongxia and Hongsiabao production areas were generally high,which easily caused growth inhibition of plants.The prediction model established by using the atmospheric circulation index was more accurate in prediction,with the mean square error of extreme temperature prediction within 3℃and the fit degree above 0.9.(2)Drought frequency,drought trend and drought intensity were higher in spring than in other seasons in the dominant wine grape producing areas in the eastern Helan Mountains of Ningxia.The drought intensity trend was most significant in Huinong site in March,and in Yinchuan site in April and May,and the growing season was characterized by high evaporation and low precipitation in April,which increased the risk of wine grape draining.The prediction model established by using the atmospheric circulation index is more accurate in predicting potential evaporation,(since precipitation is a random factor in nature,only potential evaporation is used for prediction),and the mean square error of potential evaporation prediction is within 30mm.(3)The main periods of wind erosion in the dominant wine-growing regions of the eastern Helan Mountains are spring and winter,and the center of gravity of wind erosion is mainly at the border between Yinchuan and Wuzhong,so the Qingtongxia and Yinchuan production areas should also be used as priority areas for prevention.The nutrient and microbial content of the soil in the area of wind reduction by hanging branches is higher than that of the soil without hanging branches treatment.