| Through collecting and statistics on the list of quarantine species in 138 countries including"the Belt and Road" countries and the world’s major economies,we have obtained a preliminary world insect quarantine database,and used the MaxEnt model to predict the suitable habitat of nine species of Chrysomelidae.They are Diabrotica barberi,Epitrix tuberis,Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi,Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata,Diabrotica virgifera zeae,Epitrix cucumeris,Chaetocnema confinis,Diabrotica speciosa,and Crioceris asparagi.Through collecting and sorting out the biological characteristics and geographical distribution data of quarantine leaf beetles in nine databases,combined with environmental variables,the current suitable habitat and area of quarantine leaf beetles in the world and China were predicted by using the maximum entropy MaxEnt model of ecological niche and the geographic information system ArcGIS10.7 software.Diabrotica barberi is mainly concentrated in the northern hemisphere in the world’s suitable habitat,while its suitable habitat in China is mainly concentrated in the eastern region.The environmental variables that have a significant impact on the distribution of suitable growth areas for Diabrotica barberi include the standard deviation of seasonal temperature changes(Bio4)and the average annual precipitation(Bio 12).The current suitable area for the growth of Diabrotica barberi in China is 614.79×104km2.Epitrix tuberis has a wide range of suitable habitats and a high degree of adaptability in the world.Its suitable habitat in China is mainly concentrated in the central and southern regions.The environmental variable that has a significant impact on the distribution of suitable growth areas for Epitrix tuberis is the coldest season average temperature(Bio11).The current suitable area for Epitrix tuberis in China is 614.79×104km2.Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi has a wide range of suitable habitats in the world,and its suitable habitats in China are mainly concentrated in the central and southern regions.The environmental variables that have a significant impact on the distribution of suitable habitat for Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi include the standard deviation of seasonal temperature changes(Bio4)and the coldest quarterly average temperature(Bio11).The current suitable habitat area for Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi in China is 318.86×104km2.The suitable habitat for Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata is mainly concentrated in tropical regions,while its suitable habitat in China is mainly concentrated in the southwest region.The environmental variables that have a significant impact on the distribution of Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata suitable habitat include annual average temperature(Biol)and isotherm(Bio3).The current suitable area for Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata in China is 57.16×104km2.The suitable habitat for Diabrotica virgifera zeae is mainly concentrated in tropical regions,while in China,the suitable habitat is mainly concentrated in the central and southern regions.The environmental variables that have a significant impact on the distribution of Diabrotica virgifera zeae suitable habitat include the monthly mean temperature difference between day and night(Bio2)and the wettest monthly precipitation(Biol3).The current suitable area for Diabrotica virgifera zeae in China is 278.48×104km2.The Epitrix cummeris world’s suitable habitat is mainly concentrated in tropical and temperate regions,while its suitable habitat in China is mainly concentrated in the southern region.The environmental variables that have a significant impact on the distribution of Epitrix cumeris suitable habitat include annual precipitation(Bio12)and driest season precipitation(Bio 17).The current suitable area for cubmeris in China is 205.73×104km2。The suitable habitat of Chaetocenema coninis is mainly concentrated in tropical and temperate regions,while its suitable habitat in China is mainly concentrated in the southeast region.The environmental variable that has a significant impact on the distribution of suitable habitat for Chaetocenema conis is the driest month precipitation(Bio14).The current suitable area for Chaetocenema conis in China is 169.24× 104km2.The suitable habitat of Diabrotica speciosa is mainly concentrated in tropical regions,while the suitable growing areas in China are mainly concentrated in the southwest region.The environmental variables that have a significant impact on the distribution of suitable habitats in Diabrotica speciosa include isotherm(Bio3)and annual precipitation(Bio12).The currentsuitable growth area of Diabrotica speciosa in China is 41.42×104km2.The suitable habitat for the world of Crisoceris asparagi is mainly concentrated in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere,while its suitable habitat in China is mainly concentrated in the southern region.The environmental variables that have a significant impact on the distribution of suitable areas for Crisoceris asparagi include annual average temperature(Biol)and driest season precipitation(Bio17).The current suitable area for Crisoceris asparagi in China is 273.9×104km2.The AUC values of these 9 quarantine leaf beetles are all greater than 0.9,indicating excellent predictive performance of the model.The results of this study show that these 9 quarantine leaf beetles have potential distribution areas in China,indicating that there is still a significant ecological niche gap in China,and they have significant invasion space in China.The database constructed in this article can better provide data and information support for ensuring national biosafety,provide a basis for efficient development of prevention and management measures,and carry out targeted and strategic quarantine prevention,monitoring and control. |
