To Investigate The Effects Of Different Seasons On Feed Nutrients Of Broilers And Piglets

The rapid development of animal husbandry provides people with more green and healthy livestock and poultry products.The nutrient composition of the diet ensures that livestock and poultry can obtain excellent feeding results.The nutrient composition of the diet is usually affected by many factors,and then has an impact on the feeding results of the livestock and poultry.The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of climate factors on the nutritional composition of feed for broilers and piglets in winter and summer by conventional feed nutrition detection,high performance liquid chromatography and microbial count detection.Feed was selected from a feed workshop of a pig farm and chicken farm in Hangzhou,and reasonable sampling was conducted according to the principle of random sampling.The sampling time was winter(December to February)and summer(June to August),and the main results were as follows:1.Effects of season on nutrient composition of feed for broilersThe results showed that the crude protein,ether extract and crude fiber of the main nutrients in feed of broilers were not significantly changed between winter and summer(P > 0.05);There was no significant difference in water content of feed(P > 0.05);Methionine and lysine were determined and found that there was no significant difference in the effects of winter and summer on the feed of broilers(P > 0.05);There was no significant difference in the effects of vitamin A,B1,B2 and E(P > 0.05);Cadmium and arsenic in feed showed that the two seasons did not exceed the standard;The summer climate had an increasing effect on the total number of bacteria(P < 0.05),while no molds and Salmonella were detected.In addition,T-2 toxin,afflatoxin B1,ochratoxin A and zearalenone were not detected by detection of harmful metabolites of bacteria,chloramphenicol and aureomycin was not detected in the feed.Finally,the acid value and oxidation indexes of feed were detected,and it was found that there were no significant effects on acid value and peroxide in winter and summer(P > 0.05).2.Effects of season on nutrient composition of feed for pigletsTwo groups of mice were fed with fresh soybean oil and oxidized soybean oil,respectively.After 4 weeks,the changes of body weight,serum and liver indexes of mice were detected.The results showed that after high temperature treatment,the peroxide value and acid value of soybean oil increased to 4.07±0.27 mmol/kg and 0.43±0.03 mg/g,respectively,which resulted in significant decrease of body weight(P = 0.01),and Malonaldehyde,(P = 0.01),Total antioxidant capacity(TAOC)(P < 0.01),Glutathione peroxidase(GLU),Gsh-px(P < 0.01),Superoxide dismutase(SOD)(P < 0.01)and Catalase(CAT)(P < 0.01)levels were significantly decreased.Meanwhile,Alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and Aspartate Transaminase(AST)levels were significantly increased(P <0.01).Similarly,the trends of MDA,T-AOC,GSH-Px,SOD and CAT in liver were consistent with those in serum.In addition,the detection indexes of liver of the two groups were compared,and it was found that carbonyl group and 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine represented protein oxidative damage and DNA oxidative damage in oxidized soybean oil group.8-OHDG significantly increased(P < 0.01),while caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),which represent the indicators of cell apoptosis,significantly increased in oxidized soybean oil group(P < 0.01).3.Effects of oxidized feed on antioxidant function and liver apoptosis factors in animalsBy feeding fresh soybean oil and oxidized soybean oil to detect the changes in the physiological and biochemical levels of the mice,mainly the changes in the body weight,serological changes and liver indexes of the mice were detected.The results showed that soybean oil treated at high temperature significantly increased the peroxide value and acidity of soybean oil(up to 4.07±0.27mmol/kg and 0.43±0.03 mk/g),resulting in a significant decrease in body weight(P = 0.01),a significant increase in serum MDA content(P = 0.01),and a significant decrease in T-AOC(P <0.01),GSH-Px(P < 0.01),SOD(P < 0.01)and CAT(P < 0.01)levels,while significantly increased the levels of ALT and AST indicators(P < 0.01);Likewise,the trends of MDA,T-AOC,GSH-Px,SOD,and CAT in the liver were consistent with those in the serum.In addition,the comparison of the protein oxidative damage index carbonyl and the DNA oxidation index in the liver of the two groups of mice 8-OHd G found were significantly increased in the oxidized soybean oil group(P <0.01),while the apoptosis indexes Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in the liver indexes were detected and significantly increased in the oxidized soybean oil group(P < 0.01).In conclusion,winter and summer had no significant effects on the main nutrients,heavy mental,microorganisms and metabolites,peroxide and acid values in the feed of broilers,but seasonal factors had little effect on the feed of broilers.Winter and summer had no significant effects on the main nutrients,heavy mental,microorganisms and metabolites in the feed of piglets.However,the levels of peroxides and acid values in the diets of piglets were significantly increased,which affects the feed quality to some extent.The results of mouse experiments show that soybean oil feed with high oxidation level has significant harm to the physiological and biochemical levels of mice.