| Pine wilt disease(PWD)is one of the most serious biological invasion disasters in China.Since its first invasion,this disease has caused massive damage of the economic and ecological value in China.Previous studies had focused on the ecological and economic damage caused by PWD and the optimization of control strategies.However,fewer studies had been carried out at the perspective of residents in the invasive areas.The public perception and demands of the residents in the invasive areas who was the main victims in the ecological disaster were ignored.Three PWD invasive areas with different infection intensity were selected.Field survey and questionnaire interview were conducted among the residents of 30 villages and towns in these areas with different dominant industries.The public perception of basic knowledge and damage of PWD about forest provisioning,regulating and cultural services were analyzed.To explore the impact of biological invasion on these ecosystem services.Further,we gained some implication from theses results for the control strategies applying in the invasive area.Using ANOVA,ternary plot and linear mixed effect model to analyze the questionnaire data,we conducted the following findings:(1)The public had a strong general awareness of PWD’s basic knowledge,as the characterization,control techniques and transmission.The awareness of the residents in severely infected areas is stronger than those in the mildly infected areas.(2)The public perception of the PWD’s damage on cultural and regulating services was stronger in mildly infected areas than in severely infected areas,and the post-infection areas.The perception about provisioning services were all slight across these areas.(3)The infection intensity significantly influenced the public perception of PWD’s damage.Residents in mildly infected areas were most sensitive to PWD’s damage.Dominant industries had little effect on public perception,and the perception of all village was the medium level.The infection intensity,dominant industries and their interactions had significant effects on the public perception of forest ecosystem services and their branches.The infection intensity provided most contribution in the regional variation of public perception.(4)Public identity differences greatly influence their perception of the PWD’s damage on ecosystem services.Perception of provisioning services has suffered the greatest impacts,followed by regulating services,and cultural services.Age,education level and PWD’s knowledge of public also significantly affected the public perception,with different affecting directions.Education level was the dominant factor influencing the public perception about provisioning services,cultural services and total ecosystem services.While age is the dominant factor affecting the public perception about regulating services.(5)The official managers should emphasized the role of local residents and encouraged their participation in the prevention and control of PWD.The publicity,ecological restoration and sustainable planning should carried out at the awareness and demands of the residents in the invasive areas.Our study explored the negative impact of biological invasion on forest ecosystem services at the perspective of public perception,and extended the research scopes of biological invasion on forest ecosystem services.This study based on public perception of local residents in the invasive areas helped to raise some targeted and detail suggestion,expanded the practical approach and feedback path,and improved the prevention and control strategies. |
