Effects Of Different Tillage Methods On Soil Physical And Chemical Properties And Maize Biomass

Trial Corn is one of the main crops in my country and the largest crop in Northeast China.By2021,the corn planting area in Jilin Province will reach 55 million mu.The current agricultural ecology has problems such as environmental degradation,farmland degradation,and soil nutrient loss.Conservation tillage technology is a highly complex farming technology,which has greatly improved the utilization of land resources,water resources and soil biological resources.It is very important for the improvement of agricultural conditions.In order to improve the soil environment and increase corn yield.Therefore,this experiment was implemented in the production village of Qingshan Town,Taobei District,Baicheng City,Jilin Province in 2020(N45°69′,E122°86′).The corn variety Xianyu 335 was selected,and 4 treatments were set according to the width of the row and the amount of straw returned to the field.Treatment 1 control(T1):regular planting with equal row spacing 60～60 cm;treatment 2(T2):equal row spacing 60～60 cm(high stubble mulching)planting;treatment three(T3):planting with equal row spacing 60～60 cm(whole culm mulching);treatment four(T4):wide and narrow row spacing 80～40 cm(whole pole full mulching)planting.Each treatment was replicated 3 times for a total of 12 plots.The effects of conservation tillage techniques on soil physicochemical changes and aboveground biomass of maize were studied,and a reasonable tillage method suitable for Baicheng City,Jilin Province was selected.The main research conclusions are as follows:1.Compared with T1 treatment,water content increased by 4.9%～25.8%in 0～20 cm layer of soil;Soil 20～40 cm layer,soil water content increased by 15.7%～46.8%,soil bulk density decreased by 6.5%～9.7%,soil porosity increased by 11.0%～20.1%,and soil solid phase decreased by 5.3%～12.8%,the soil liquid phase increased by 32.5%～78.8%,and the soil gas phase increased by 0.4%～2.3%,among which T4 treatment had the best effect.2.Compared with T1 treatment,the conservation tillage treatment increased soil organic matter,alkali～hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium by 5.7%～13.8%,0.6%～6.9%,0.3%～6.2%,6.9%～12.2%,5.9%～8.8%,3.1%～9.3%,2.5%～4.7%,among which T4 treatment has the best effect.3.Compared with T1 treatment,tillage treatment increased chlorophyll,leaf area,stem circumference,root damage,average daily net photosynthetic rate and dailyaveragetranspirationrate by 4.6%～15.9%,16.7%～23.3%,16.9%～18.7%,1768.1%～2010.6%,0.3%～7.9%,2.0%～15.7%,among which T4 treatment had the best effect.4.Compared with T1 treatment,the yield of corn seedlings,the number of rows per ear,the number of grains per row,1000～grain weight and the yield per plant increased by 0.7%～1.0%,0.6%～2.5%,～0.3%～7.3%,1.9%～9.4%in the conservation tillage treatment 3.3%～10.0%,4.2%～33.0%.The corn yields of T2,T3,and T4 increased by 2.8%,4.5%,and 14.7%compared with those of T1.The yields of T1,T2,T3,and T4 treatments were 10875.35 kg/hm~2,11183.26kg/hm~2,11368.49 kg/hm~2,and 12472.35 kg/hm~2,respectively.hm~2,among which T4 treatment had the best yield effect.5.Compared with T1 treatment,conservation tillage treatment increased the net benefit by 1015.8yuan/hm~2～3594 yuan/hm~2,and the T4 treatment had the best increase in the net benefit.To sum up,compared with T1 treatment,other treatments can improve soil nutrients and physical properties,promote maize plant growth characteristics,increase maize yield,and improve economic benefits.Compared with other treatments,the full coverage treatment of T4with a width and narrow row of 80-40 cm is a more effective measure to save water and increase production.