Effects Of Wet Feeding Fermented Feed On Growth Performance,intestinal Development And Cecal Flora In Sanhuang Chickens During Brooding Period

Three-yellow chicken chicks grow rapidly,have weak digestive ability,and immature intestinal flora.Fermented feed uses compound beneficial bacteria to convert macromolecular substances in feed into nutrients of small molecules;reduces the content of anti-nutritional factors in feed;produces a large number of beneficial fermentation metabolites,improves the palatability,digestion and absorption rate of feed,It has a positive effect on the nutritional supply,organ development,balance and maturity of the intestinal flora structure of chicks.Wet feeding of fermented feed reduces drying costs;preserves the activity of probiotics and beneficial fermentation metabolites,which has a positive effect on preventing chicken diseases,regulating intestinal flora balance,enhancing immunity,and improving feed nutritional structure.Therefore,this paper studies the effects of different additions of fermented feed on the growth performance,serum biochemistry,immune function,intestinal development and intestinal flora of Sanhuang chicken chicks.In the experiment,400 healthy and uniform Sanhuang chickens were selected and divided into 5 groups according to the plan of 4 repetitions in each group and 20 chickens in each repetition.F45 and F60 were the experimental groups.Wet fermented feed was added in the proportions of 15 %,30 %,45 %,and 60 %,respectively.The experimental period was 56 days.Experiment 1: Study on the difference of nutrients in feed before and after fermentation Fermentation of feed increased the content of beneficial bacteria in the diet exponentially compared with the unfermented diet.Compared with the unfermented diet,the content of total acid and tartaric acid increased by 89 % and1317 %,respectively,with significant differences(P<0.05).The content of citric acid increased by 667 %,and the content of succinic acid increased by 484 %,the difference was extremely significant(P<0.01).The beneficial bacteria and organic acids produced by fermentation are beneficial to the digestion and utilization of feed by chicks and increase feed intake.Experiment 2: Study on the effect of wet feeding of fermented feed on the growth performance of chicks.(1)ABW,ADFI and ADG of F15 group at 1-14 days of brooding period were higher than other experimental groups,and significantly higher than control group(P<0.05);ADFI of 29-42-day-old F30 group was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05).<0.05).The ADFI and F/G of the 1-56-day-old F0 group were significantly higher than those of other experimental groups(P<0.05);ABW,F/G were inversely proportional to the amount of wet fermented feed.(2)Wet feeding of fermented feed can significantly reduce the diarrhea rate and death rate of chicks(P<0.05).(3)Wet feeding of fermented feed can significantly increase the content of HDL-C at 1-42 days of age(P<0.05);significantly reduce the content of TG,TC and LDL-C(P<0.05).(4)Wet feeding of fermented feed can significantly reduce the content of UA and BUN in blood from1-42 days old(P<0.05);significantly increase the content of TP and ALB(P<0.05).(5)Wet feeding of fermented feed can significantly reduce the content of UA and BUN in blood from 1-42 days old(P<0.05);significantly increase the content of TAOC,CAT,GSH-PX and SOD(P<0.05).(6)The contents of Globulin,Ig A,Ig G,and Ig M in the wet feeding fermented feed experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).(7)The p H value of the glandular stomach of the F0 group was significantly higher than that of the F60 group(P<0.05).At 22-42 days of age,the p H value of the glandular stomach of the F0 group was significantly higher than that of the F60 group;the p H value of the gizzard was significantly higher than that of the F30,F45,and F60 groups(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in p H between duodenum,jejunum and ileum(P>0.05).(8)With the increase of wet feeding fermented feed,the breast muscle rate and leg muscle rate of 42-day-old chicks increased proportionally,and there was no significant difference in slaughter performance in comprehensive analysis(P>0.05).(9)Sanhuang chicks fed fermented feed in wet state improved the color,water retention and tenderness of 42-day-old chicks,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05).(10)Comprehensive analysis during the brooding period,the profit of the F15 group exceeded the control group by 0.91 yuan/feather,which was the highest among the experimental groups.Experiment 3: Study on the effect of wet feeding of fermented feed on intestinal morphology of Sanhuang chicken(1)1-21-day-old wet feeding of fermented feed at 21-day-old sampling and testing found that: the height of duodenal villi in F15 group and F30 group was significantly higher than that in F0 group(P<0.05);The height of the villus in the denum and ileum was significantly higher than that in the F0 group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the villus height and crypt depth of the remaining intestinal segments among the groups(P>0.05).(2)The chorionic-to-crypto ratio of F30 ileum in the experimental group fed with fermented feed in wet state from 1 to 21 days of age was significantly higher than that of F0 group(P<0.05).The ratio was significantly higher than that in the F0 group(P<0.05);the jejunal chorionic-crypto ratio in the F45 group was significantly higher than that in the F0 group(P<0.05).(3)Wet feeding of fermented feed from 1 to 42 days of age had no significant effect on the small intestine tissue area and crypt density of Sanhuang chickens during the brooding period(P>0.05)(4)The number of crypts in the F60 ileum in the experimental group fed fermented feed in wet state from 1 to 21 days of age was significantly higher than that in the F0group(P<0.05).Significantly higher than the F0 group(P<0.05).(5)The length of jejunum of F30 group was significantly higher than that of F0 group(P<0.05)in1-21-day-old wet feeding experimental group(P<0.05);the other groups had no significant difference in small intestine length and mass per unit length(P>0.05).Experiment 4: Study on the effect of wet feeding of fermented feed on the cecal flora of Sanhuang chicken(1)Wet feeding of fermented feed in Sanhuang chickens can increase the microbial abundance and microbial diversity in the cecum of 1-21 days old.(2)The 42-day-old test of Sanhuang chickens fed with fermented feed in wet state found that the rumen bacteria in the control group was significantly higher than that in each experimental group at the family level(P<0.05);the 21-day and42-day-old were ranked from high to low abundance There were no statistically significant differences in the cecal flora of the top 15 at the levels of phylum,class,order,family and genus(P>0.05).In summary,fermented feed can significantly reduce the ratio of feed to meat,and with the increase of fermented feed,the average body weight of chicks tends to decrease;it can significantly reduce the diarrhea rate of chicks;it can significantly improve the body’s antioxidant and immune function;to a certain extent It can promote the development of the small intestine of Sanhuang chickens during the brooding period;it can increase the abundance and diversity of cecal microbes in 1-21-day-old chicks,and there is no significant difference in the effect on the intestinal flora of 22-42-day-old chickens.