Effects Of Planting Patterns On Water And Nitrogen Use Efficiency And Yield Of Winter Wheat Summer Maize Rotation

Guanzhong,Shaanxi Province is an arid and semi-arid agricultural region in the north.The winter wheat summer maize rotation in Guanzhong,Shaanxi Province is the main agricultural production system.The growth period of winter wheat is relatively long and the precipitation during the growth period is relatively small.Therefore,the relative insufficiency of water and heat resources has become the key factor restricting its production.Corn has large water demand and strong fertilizer consumption,and water and fertilizer stress has a greater impact on arid areas.Therefore,in arid areas,how to improve water and fertilizer conditions is the key to improve corn yield.In order to solve the contradiction between the water shortage in Guanzhong and the high water consumption of winter wheat summer maize rotation,six experimental treatments were carried out by using the field test method: ridge and ditch covering,ridge and ditch not covering,ridge and ditch not returning to the field,ridge and ditch not covering film not returning to the field,flat cropping returning to the field and flat cropping not returning to the field.The following conclusions are drawn:(1)Five different planting patterns had significant effects on the soil water content of 0 ～ 40 cm winter wheat ～ summer maize.Under the condition of ridge and ditch mulching and straw returning,the soil water content changed the most,and the soil water content increased by 38.4% and 33.25% respectively in the early growth stage of Winter Wheat and summer maize.(2)Five different planting patterns had a great impact on the soil nutrient level of0 ～ 30 cm winter wheat ～ summer maize.Under the condition of ridge and ditch mulching and straw returning,the difference of soil nutrient level was the largest.The nutrient content of winter wheat and summer maize increased by 23.16% and 28.4%respectively in the early stage of crop growth.(3)The water use efficiency(WUE)of winter wheat and summer maize and the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer were significantly improved(P < 0.05),in which the WUE of winter wheat and summer maize were increased by 25.7% and22.03%,respectively.The nitrogen partial productivity of winter wheat increased significantly by 26.67%,and that of summer maize increased significantly by 66.67%.(4)Under different planting modes,the yield of winter wheat and summer maize increased compared with CK treatment,and the yield of ridge and furrow film mulching treatment increased the most significantly(P < 0.05).Under the ridge and furrow film mulching planting mode,the yield of winter wheat and summer maize increased by 23.5% and 33.6% compared with CK treatment,Comprehensively considered,under different planting modes,the ridge and furrow film mulched straw returning planting mode performs well,which can effectively promote the growth of winter wheat summer maize and finally improve its yield.Considering the purpose of saving water and increasing production,it is more appropriate to use ridge and furrow film mulching and straw returning to the field.