| The rain-harvesting planting of ridge and furrow as widely used in arid and semi-arid areas of efficient water-saving cultivation technology,can the technology and derivative model applied to the Guanzhong irrigation area to alleviate the moisture problem? The jury is still out.In addition,most of the studies in Guanzhong irrigation area still use traditional covering materials,and the effects of the rain-harvesting planting of ridge and furrow under new covering materials combined with different furrow structures on crop water structure,population structure and growth and yield is still unknown.Therefore,this study was conducted in 2020-2022 in Yangling District.Taking winter wheat in winter wheat-summer maize double-cropping mode as the research object,7 groups of treatment were set,in which traditional flat planting was used as control(CK),6 groups were set in furrow planting mode,Two kinds of covering materials and three different furrow structures were arranged,Soil ridge(T)and liquid plastic film(Y),Narrows are ridges:ditch =40 cm: 40 cm(40),ridges:ditch =40 cm: 60 cm(60)and ridges: ditch =40 cm: 80 cm(80).To explore the influence of different ridge covering materials and furrow structures on population structure and yield of winter wheat,The results indicate that:(1)Ridge-ditch planting can improve the soil surface moisture status,reduce the ineffective evaporation of water in the early growth stage of winter wheat,and reduce the water consumption of crops.Planting in the dry year(2020-2021)improved the water status of the 0-60 cm soil layer.Water increased to 0-120 cm in water years(2021-2022).In the two-year experiment,the water consumption of winter wheat in each row was less than that of flat cropping,and the water consumption was lower after liquid film coverage.(2)In the dry year,furrow planting improved the leaf area index and aboveground dry material accumulation of winter wheat plant height,jointing to high flowering period,and delayed the decline of SPAD value after flowering,which had an obvious effect on optimizing the population structure.The comprehensive effect of 40 ditch width treatment is better.In pingshui year,the improvement effect of furrow planting was weakened,and only Ditch width 80 treatment had a obvious effect of promoting the growth and development of winter wheat.In two years of experiment,the effect of liquid film was better than that of ridge.The above results show that when the rainfall conditions are poor,the relatively large furrow structure should be adopted when the rainfall conditions are improved.(3)Ridge planting increased the rapid nutrient content of soil 0-60 cm soil layer.Compared with flat cropping,the average content of nitrate nitrogen from 0-60 cm increased by 10.73%～36.80%,the average content of ammonium nitrogen increased by14.56%～39.18%,and the average content of quick phosphorus increased by 5.78%～43.71%.In the furrows,the soil nutrients increased more than the ridges.The trend was 80> 60> 40,with no significant difference between nitrate and ammonium.(4)Ridge and furrow planting promoted the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus,and improved the nutrient harvest index.In the two-year experiment,the total absorption of nitrogen increased by 4.40% to 14.28% and phosphorus absorption by 10.82% to 21.10%compared with the conventional flat cropping.Drow planting also improved the nitrogen and phosphorus absorption index.In dry and flat water years,the N absorption index increased by 0.58% and 1.58%,and the P absorption index increased by 2.58% and 2.59%.It shows that furrow planting can better promote nutrient transport to grain.(5)In different rainfall years,ridge and furrow planting had different effects on the yield,but both improved the water utilization efficiency of winter wheat.In dry years,ridge planting significantly increased the yield of winter wheat,which increased by 2.48%～11%compared with that of flat cropping,showing T(or Y)40>T(or Y)60> T(or Y)80 and ridge mulching liquid film better than ridge.In the smooth water year,only the production of Y80 treatment was significantly higher than that of flat treatment,while the production of Ditch width 40 cm treatment was reduced.In the two years,the water use efficiency of winter wheat was better than flat cropping,and the increase of improvement in the dry year was greater,and the effect of ridge mulching liquid film was better.In conclusion,in Guanzhong area,furrow planting can improve the water and nutrient status of winter wheat,promote the growth of winter wheat,optimize the population structure of winter wheat,and improve the nutrient and water utilization efficiency of winter wheat,which has a positive effect on the yield improvement.In the furrow planting room,there are different manifestations under different rainfall years:the best effect is Ditch width40 cm treatment in dry water year,and the best effect is Ditch width 80 cm treatment in flat water year.In two years,the effect of liquid film was better than that of soil ridges. |
