Drawing Technique Of Vegetational Scientific Illustration Of Typical Forest Community In Mid-subtropical

Plant community profile is a comprehensive illustration of the type,structure and habitat characteristics of a community,with high information capacity and high dissemination efficiency,which is of great significance in vegetation ecology research and forest management.Due to the lack of specifications for unified element composition design and drawing,problems such as strong subjectivity in drawing,random drawing,and incomplete information expression persist.In this study,several typical communities of evergreen needleleaf forest,evergreen broadleaf forest,deciduous broadleaf forest and bamboo forest in the central subtropical region were used as objects.On the basis of adequate investigation of species composition,community structure and habitat characteristics,we systematically study the composition of forest community profile elements,design and profile drawing techniques and develop the specifications of community profile drawing by the methods of vegetation ecology,cartography and art.The aim is to show the spatial(vertical stratification and relative position of plant individuals)and non-spatial(species composition,individual size and density,etc.)structure,interspecific relationships and community habitat information of different communities in a scientific,objective and visual way.The main results of the study are as follows:(1)There were 11 associations,which belonged to 4 vegetation types and 9 alliance.Their community appearance,species composition,vertical stratification,topography,soil and other environmental characteristics were significantly different.Pinus massoniana,Cunninghamia lanceolata and Cupressus funebris are constructive species in the low-montane evergreen needleleaf forest,the tree stratum height is 5-18 m,and the dominant species is Lithocarpus glaber and Adinandra millettii,the shrub stratum height is 1.2-5 m,coverage is 20%-60%,and the dominant species are Loropetalum chinense and Gardenia jasminoides,and the herb stratum height is 0.1-0.3 m,coverage is 20%-30%,and the constant species is Woodwardia japonica.Cyclobalanopsis glauca,and Cinnamomum camphora are constructive species in the evergreen broadleaf forest,the tree stratum height is 6-15 m,and the dominant species is Lithocarpus glaber and Quercus fabri,the shrub stratum height is 1.8-2.8 m,coverage is 20%-35%,and the dominant species are Loropetalum chinense,Camellia oleifera and Castanopsis sclerophylla,and the herb stratum is rare,and the constant species is Carex brunnea and Woodwardia japonica.Liquidambar formosana,Choerospondias axillaris and Quercus variabilis are constructive species in the deciduous broadleaf forest,the tree stratum height is 5-18 m,and the dominant species is Cinnamomum camphora,Symplocos sumuntia and Pinus elliottii,the shrub stratum height is 2.2-4 m,coverage is 30%-80%,and the dominant species are Loropetalum chinense,and Phyllostachys nidularia,and the herb stratum is rare,and the constant species is Woodwardia japonica and Dryopteris championii.Phyllostachys edulis are constructive species in the bamboo forest,the tree stratum height is 5-13 m,and the dominant species is Adinandra millettii and Cunninghamia lanceolata,the shrub stratum height is 3 m,coverage is 35%,and the dominant species are Adinandra millettii,and Ilex chinensis,and the herb stratum is rare,and the constant species is Woodwardia japonica.(2)Community profile consists of six parts including graph lines,basic information,symbols,text,illustrations,and profile view body.In order to meet the drawing requirements of different communities and different scales,the line width excepted profile view body is ruled,and 4 sets of line width combinations and 12 kinds of linearities including solid line,dotted line and dotted line have been set up;symbols are graphic elements that efficiently express specific environmental information,which are composed of four parts:section,elevation,size and slope symbols,and they are used to express community terrain information such as elevation,slope and aspect,as well as community structure information such as tree height,floor height and relative position;text part,as an explanation,expresses the text information that pattern cannot show,including plant name,geographical coordinates,etc;the illustrations,a systematically of pattern element,is composed of a series of similar patterns;profile view body is the important part of the community profile,including four parts plane diagram,positive slope profile,along slope profile and detail picture,and detail picture is used to show information such as herb layer,ground cover layer,soil type and soil texture.(3)For different community types,there are spatial differences in the techniques of drawing profiles.In general,the two directions(positive slope position and along slope position)are followed strictly,in the profile drawing,and the relative position,species composition and tree characteristics in the narrow band are sketched on the spot,and real-life photos are taken for fine displaying the community profile in the later period.Generally,the narrow band is set to 5 m wide,but for the community with small forest age and simple forest structure,the width of the narrow brand is set to 3 m;for individual tree species,leaves of evergreen needleleaf forest are drawn by single line,meanwhile,the bark cracking types of different tree species are emphasized;the crown of evergreen broad-leaved forest is mostly oblate or conical,with full tree shape and leathery leaves,when painting,the shaping of the sense of volume is need to notice,and the crown is drawn with closed "ji" lines,meanwhile,paying attention to its branch shape and leaf growth mode;deciduous broad-leaved forest has small branching angle and the mostly long oval or conical tree shape,and the leaves mainly grow on the top of trees,so the combination of virtual and real should be used,and the crown is mostly drawn with discontinuous "ji" lines;The bamboo forest is drawn with a single line,focusing on the way of leaf growth way and bamboo knots.The key to community profile is realism,with the aim of objectively representing the natural properties of plant community structure and spatial and temporal information.Based on the analysis of the structure and spatial and temporal characteristics of several typical vegetation communities in the central subtropics,this study standardizes the composition and expression techniques of the profile illustration from the composition and design of the elements,provides a unified paradigm and new ideas for the drawing of community profile illustrations,enriches the content of vegetation ecology research and the expression of plant community information,and offers scientific reference and technical guidance for the fields of regional vegetation restoration,landscape allocation,forest stand transformation and soil and water conservation.