Research On Spatial-temporal Evolution And Driving Factors Of The Marine Fishery Ecological Footprint In China

Marine fishery resources provide an essential source of sustenance and economic livelihood for populations throughout the world,and play the “backbone” in global food and nutrition security.However,since the Industrial Revolution,with the rapid growth of population and the popularization of industrialization,the impact of human activities on the earth resources is increasing day by day,leading to a series of ecological and environmental problems.As the last treasure house of human resources,the ocean is also facing the contradiction between limited marine living resources and immoderate development and utilization.Overfishing and marine pollution contributed to drastic declines in marine fishery sustainable fishing yields,and generally curtailed the ecological resilience of marine systems.Maintaining the marine fishery ecological security,and promoting marine fishery sustainable development have become an urgent and important task.These are of great practical significance to China’s marine economic development,residents’ production and living,and global food and nutrition security.In order to grasp the sustainable development level of marine fishery resources in a more scientific and comprehensive way,this thesis selected 11 coastal provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)in China as research areas,applied the threedimensional ecological footprint model involving aspects of the total amount change,per capita level,footprint depth and size to explore the temporal variation and spatial distribution characteristics of marine fishery ecological footprint from 2010 to 2020.Combined with the data of driving factor indicators from 2005 to 2020,Partial Least Square method was used to analyze the main driving factors affecting the three-dimensional ecological footprint of marine fishery from 14 indicators including economic development,population size,social consumption and technology promotion.The findings are as follows:(1)Significant changes in the total ecological footprint and biocapacity of marine fishery.From 2010 to 2020,marine fishery total ecological footprint of 11 coastal provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)in China increased in a fluctuating manner.Most provinces have adjusted with 2016 as the turning point.In terms of spatial distribution,“small at the ends but great at the middle” was showed from north to south.Meanwhile,marine fishery total biocapacity declined overall and the southern provinces were slightly better than the northern provinces.(2)The gap increases between per capita ecological footprint and per capita biocapacity of marine fishery.From 2010 to 2020,the per capita biocapacity of marine fishery in China declined significantly,and the per capita ecological footprint increased significantly.As for spatial distribution,marine fishery per capita ecological footprint of 11 coastal provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)in China represented a zonal alternating distribution from north to south.Meanwhile,the per capita biocapacity was roughly centered in Shanghai and distributed to the north and south.(3)Slight adjustments occurred between ecological footprint size and depth of marine fishery.From 2010 to 2020,marine fishery ecological footprint size of 11 coastal provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)in China overall increased in a fluctuating manner and slightly decreased in part.Marne fishery ecological footprint depth mainly showed a fluctuating upward trend.In terms of spatial distribution,marine fishery ecological footprint depth showed a spatial pattern of "high in the north and low in the south".But the spatial pattern of marine fishery footprint size presented a "relatively scattered" characteristic.(4)The main driving factors affecting marine fishery three-dimensional ecological footprint of 11 coastal provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)from 2005 to 2020 in China focus on the aspects of economic development,population size and social consumption.Annual per capita meat consumption,fishery economic output value,import and export trade value of aquatic products,resident population at year-end and total retail sales of consumer goods are the core driving factors.It should be paid more attention to conservation and sustainable utilization of marine fishery resources in China in the process of economic globalization and global industrial transformation in the future.Based on the above analysis results,the sustainable development of China’s marine fishery is facing severe challenges and uncertainties in the future.Thus,combined with the actual development of marine fishery resources in China,this thesis put forward some suggestions from the aspects of economic development,resource utilization and ecological protection,such as promoting the adjustment of fishery industrial structure,increasing investment in fishery science and technology innovation,improving marine fishery management system,implementing strict environmental protection policies and increasing fishery ecological compensation.It aims to promote marine fishery sustainable development in China and provide reference for global marine fishery ecological security governance.