| With the rapid development of park city construction,the level of urban parks and waterfront landscape construction has been paid more attention to,and the standard of plant landscape construction has been upgraded.As the basis for the composition of waterfront plant landscape at the junction of land and water,it has unique ecological,aesthetic and humanistic values and is more and more widely used in urban parks and other green areas.However,problems such as inability to better adapt to the direction of urban development,lack of cultural characteristics,poor landscape effect in autumn and winter,and high similarity of landscape are increasingly revealed.Therefore,it is important to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the current situation of waterfront plant landscape with scientific and reasonable research methods and means,so as to better explore the ways of landscape optimization for urban construction.This paper takes the waterfront plant landscape of urban parks in Chengdu as the research object,based on the field research results of 102 sample sites in 20 representative parks,clarifies its waterfront plant species and landscape type application status,then uses the landscape evaluation method(SBE-SD method)and AHP method,successively carries out detailed research and result analysis on waterfront plant landscape preference and its influencing factors,landscape evaluation system construction and application,so as to propose landscape optimization strategy and complete transformation design practice,aiming to provide reference for waterfront plant landscape construction and enhancement,the research conclusions are as follows:(1)Waterfront plant species and landscape types:(1)A total of 297 species of vascular plants are applied,belonging to 99 families and 225 genera,with the dominant families being Gramineae,Rosaceae,Leguminosae,Asteraceae,Liliaceae and Lignanaceae;herb and tree species are abundant,vine and water surface aquatic plants are applied to a lesser extent,the ratio of evergreen to deciduous species is appropriate(0.67:1),and the overall green volume is sufficient;the ratio of native to exotic plant species(The ratio of native to exotic plant species(4:1)and quantity ratio(≥4:1)are within a reasonable range;there are various types of ornamental plants available in all seasons(the most compound type),with obvious seasonal changes(the best viewing period is concentrated in summer),but there are few ornamental and colorful landscape plants in autumn and winter;the overall growth condition is good,but some sample sites are poorly managed.(2)The plants with the top application frequency and importance value are weeping willow,camphor,spring flowers,bird’s nest,and windmill weed;species richness characteristics are herb layer > tree layer >shrub layer,wetland park > comprehensive park,newly built park > old built park.(3)The most typical water surface plant landscape hierarchy and configuration form is single layer single species,main landscape gathering type,barge landscape is tree-irrigation-grass,natural type,shore land landscape is tree-irrigation-grass,sparse forest grass type;different water type landscape is the most widely used in tree-irrigation-grass + aquatic structure,semi-open space.(2)Regarding waterfront plant landscape preference and its influencing factors:(1)The aesthetic preference of people with different levels of professionalism is consistent on the whole;however,the internal consistency of professionals is relatively good.(2)Users’ preference for different types of waterfront plant landscapes is clear.In terms of barge type,the preference is higher for flexible barge type than rigid barge type;in terms of water type,the preference is higher to lower for lake type,stream type,pond type and river type;in terms of landscape structure composition type,the preference is higher to lower for tree-irrigation-grass + aquatic,tree-grass + aquatic,tree-irrigation-grass,tree-grass,irrigation-grass + aquatic,irrigation-grass and grass;The spatial types of preference were semi-open,closed,cover,vertical,and open from high to low.(3)From the constructed quantitative model of landscape preference(SBE =-0.639 + 0.048*X1 + 0.261*X2 +0.036*X3 + 0.024*X4-0.034*X5 + 1.075*X6 + 0.116*X7 + 0.057*X8 + 0.067*X9 +0.26*X10 + 0.509*X11-0.13*(X12)It can be seen that the waterfront plant landscape with high harmony(X6)and neatness(X11)with the overall environment is more popular among the public.(3)Construction and application of waterfront plant landscape quality evaluation system:(1)The results of evaluation of 20 typical waterfront plant landscapes by the constructed urban park waterfront plant landscape evaluation system(with ecological demand and harmony,aesthetic characteristics and visual image,behavioral experience and psychological perception as the guideline layer,containing 15 indicators,with corresponding evaluation standards and grades)show that the overall quality of Chengdu city is in the middle to upper level,but the number of landscapes with grade Ⅰ still needs to be improved.(2)The SBE standard value of landscape preference evaluation(-2.29～0.91)and the composite score of the same evaluation index in landscape quality evaluation(3.96～5.50)have a significant positive correlation between the two sets of values after standardization(the correlation coefficient is 0.748),indicating that the evaluation results of AHP method and SBE-SD method are consistent.(4)Waterfront plant landscape optimization strategy and renovation design:(1)The current advantages are that native plants are widely used and have distinctive regional characteristics,the transition between water and land space is natural and has prominent ecological characteristics,and the landscape space is highly accessible and comfortable.(2)Based on the main problems,six optimization strategies are proposed: First,to improve the level of maintenance and management,improve the publicity and protection mechanism;second,to increase plant diversity,balanced plant configuration,optimize the landscape structure;third,to enrich the winter landscape,strengthen the color and seasonal characteristics;fourth,based on the demand for activities,improve public services and science education facilities;fifth,to enhance the ecological nature of the water body,enhance the harmony of the landscape;sixth,to add cultural meaning and highlighting the uniqueness of the landscape.(3)Sub-types of four typical sample sites with poor quality of plant landscape in the stream/river/pond/lake are renovated and designed. |
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