Research On The Driving Factors And Layout Optimization Of Spatial Differentiation In Rural Residential Areas Of Tea Areas

At the crucial juncture of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and comprehensively building a modern socialist country,the 19 th CPC National Congress put forward the rural revitalization strategy and made major decisions and plans for work related to agriculture,rural areas and farmers.How to correctly grasp the distribution characteristics of rural residential areas,optimize the spatial structure of rural residential areas,realize the function improvement of rural residential areas,and identify the development pattern and type of rural residential areas have become the key issues to be solved urgently in implementing the rural revitalization strategy and realizing the sustainable use of rural land.In this paper,Famous Mountain Area of Ya ’an City is taken as the research area,and rural residential areas in typical tea areas are selected as the research object.Based on landscape ecology and central place theory,and with the help of software such as ArcGIS10.6 and Python,The spatial pattern characteristics of regional rural settlements were identified by kernel density estimation,Tyson polygon variation coefficient calculation,global high/low clustering and local spatial cold and hot spots analysis.The geographical detector method was used to quantitatively analyze the influence difference,relative importance and co-acting ability of the driving factors of spatial differentiation of rural residential areas,and to measure the high and low value areas of rural residential areas under the influence of different driving factors.The multi-factor analysis method was used to evaluate the suitability of rural residential areas.On this basis,the suitability index was modified through iterative analysis,the types of rural residential areas were divided,the weighted Voronoi diagram was constructed,the agglomeration and migration direction of rural residential areas were predicted,and the layout of rural residential areas was optimized.Finally,the optimization strategy of rural residential areas layout based on the iterative evaluation method was proposed.It provides reference for rural revitalization and territorial space planning of Mingshan District.The main contents and conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)Using software such as ArcGIS and Python,the spatial pattern characteristics of regional rural settlements were identified by kernel density estimation method,Tyson polygon coefficient of variation calculation,global high/low clustering and local spatial cold and hot spots analysis.The analysis of the overall distribution characteristics of rural residential areas shows that the overall distribution of rural residential areas in Mingshan District presents the characteristics of "centralized in the middle and dispersed in the east and the west".Rural residential areas are concentrated in the central and northern areas with relatively flat terrain,mostly close to towns and townships,and distributed in a strip along rivers or roads.The analysis of landscape pattern characteristics of rural settlements showed that the surface integrals of rural settlements in the famous mountain area were significantly different,and the patches were mainly medium and large patches.The patch distribution showed the characteristics of "overall dispersion and local concentration",and the patch complexity was small,the patch shape was smaller than the regular fragmentation degree,and the patch stability was higher.The analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics of rural residential areas shows that the nuclear density of rural residential areas in Mingshan District is more than 34.52,and the CV value is more than 64%,showing obvious high-value clustering.The overall degree of aggregation is relatively high,but there are still obvious differences in spatial distribution.The aggregation degree is shown as "higher in the north and south and the middle,and lower on the east and west sides".The central region presents a "high east west low" situation.(2)The geographical detector method is used to select 16 driving factors from 4 aspects.The factor detector and ecological detector are used to measure the difference and relative importance of influence of different factors on the density of rural residential areas in famous mountain areas,and the interactive detector is used to identify the combined ability of two factors on the density of rural residential areas.The high and low values of rural residential distribution under different driving factors were explored by using risk detector.The results show that natural endowment,geographical location,social factors,industrial base and other factors have important effects on the density of rural residential areas in famous mountain areas,and the interaction between the two factors is greater than that of the single factor.Among them,the factors that have the greatest influence on the density of rural residential areas are the geographical location driving factors such as the proximity of schools and hospitals.(3)On the basis of the indexes selected above,the suitability evaluation system of rural residential layout is constructed by combining analytic hierarchy process,entropy weight method and multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method.According to the suitability evaluation results,it is divided into five levels: highly suitable,moderately suitable,generally suitable,less suitable and unsuitable.The area of rural residential areas in each suitable area accounted for 9.62%,25.87%,27.64%,23.04% and 13.83% of the total area of rural residential areas in the whole area,respectively.Based on the central place theory,calculated according to the size of the standard aggregation area of 541.27 hectares,the rural settlements were divided into three categories by iterative analysis using Python software.The number of Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ rural settlements was 114,8349 and 18566,respectively.Finally,the iterative evaluation results of the adaptability were obtained.The weighted Voronoi diagram was generated with the dominant rural residential areas as the center to predict the migration and aggregation direction of rural residential areas.(4)The village classification model was used to divide the types of villages in the famous mountain area.The whole area was divided into 54 villages of agglomeration and promotion,35 villages of suburban integration,10 villages of characteristic protection and5 villages of consolidation and improvement,accounting for 51.92%,33.65%,9.62% and4.81%,respectively.Development strategies were proposed according to the classification.Finally,it can be concluded that the well-known rural residential areas in mountainous areas have the problems of "scattered distribution,idle and chaotic environment",which are specifically manifested as the village public infrastructure to be improved,the village appearance and the living environment to be improved,and the serious lack of effective coordination of industrial homogeneity.Based on this,some optimization suggestions are put forward,such as moderate centralization and decentralization of rural residential areas,accelerating the construction of village infrastructure,carrying out special actions to improve village appearance and improve village appearance,and accelerating the development of industrial agglomeration.