A Study On The Site Layout And Architectural Form Of The Grottoes In Luoyang,Yecheng And Jinyang During The Northern Dynasties

As a special architectural form of Chinese Buddhist architecture,Grotto Temple bears the spread and development of Chinese Buddhist history and culture.Influenced by politics,religion,history and other multiple factors,the grotto temple has high research value in Buddhism,painting,dance,architecture,calligraphy,sculpture and so on.Chinese Buddhist grottoes were popular in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.In the late period of the Northern Wei Dynasty,Emperor Xiaowen moved his capital to Luoyang,and Luoyang became the main site of grottoes construction.During the period of Eastern Wei Period and Northern Qi,Gao Huan moved the capital to Yecheng and Jinyang became the secondary capital,and the activities of grottoes construction gradually shifted to Yecheng and Jinyang.From the late Northern Wei Dynasty to the Northern Qi Dynasty,grottoes temples,with the continuous fusion and collision of North and South and east and west cultures,appeared many new forms and contents that were not seen in the early Northern Wei Dynasty,which is of great significance in the study of Buddhist grottoes architecture in China.The research scope of this thesis covers the major grottoes remains in Luoyang,Yecheng,Jinyang and other places from the late Northern Wei Dynasty to the Northern Qi Dynasty.Based on the architectural perspective,this thesis discusses and analyzes the "location layout" and "architectural form" of the grottoes temples by using the research methods of literature review,field investigation,graphic illustration and so on.This thesis reviews the development history of grottoes and summarizes the functional types,space types,the influence of the form of worship on the grotto space and traditional eaves types of grottoes.In "Site selection and layout",the geographical distribution,site selection factors and spatial layout characteristics of grottoes near Luoyang,Yecheng and Jinyang in the Northern Dynasty are discussed,and the basic characteristics of site selection and layout of grottoes are summarized.In "Architectural Form System",the contents of the cave chamber shape system,cave niche shape system,tower column shape and cave eaves shape of the main surviving grottoes in Luoyang,Yecheng and Jinyang of the Northern Dynasty are discussed,and the basic characteristics of the architectural form system of the grottoes in different places are summarized.On this basis,the comparison is made between the grottoes near Luoyang,Yecheng and Jinyang of the Northern Dynasty,and the similarities and differences among the three are analyzed.This thesis explores the basic evolution of grottoes from the late Northern Wei Dynasty to the Eastern Wei Dynasty to the Northern Qi Dynasty and the differences of grottoes in different regions.This thesis discusses the site selection,layout and architectural form characteristics of the caves in Luoyang,Yecheng and Jinyang from the late Northern Wei to the Northern Qi period of the Eastern Wei,summarizes their basic characteristics and analyzes their influencing factors.It is expected to provide some reference for the subsequent research on the restoration of cave buildings,the protection of cave eaves buildings and the tourism development of caves,so as to promote the sustainable development of cave architecture culture.