Residential Area Planning And Architectural Design Based On Epidemic Prevention And Control Operational Research

Since 2020,Neocoronal pneumonia has spread rapidly around the world,bringing great challenges to mankind.Although the successful development of vaccines and the implementation of national epidemic prevention and control measures have effectively controlled the domestic epidemic,the epidemic situation still affects people’s work and life at all times.As the most basic building carrier in human society,housing connects numerous individual residents and will inevitably become an important place for epidemic prevention and control.However,the current open and integrated residential design concept has exposed many problems in epidemic prevention and control,which has brought many adverse effects to people’s daily life.Therefore,under the background of epidemic prevention and control,the research of this paper is to link the residential area planning and residential building design with infectious disease,analyze the relationship between them and propose optimization design strategies.On the basis of ensuring the health and comfort of residential buildings,starting from the two levels of residential area planning and residential building design,the ability of residential buildings to deal with infectious diseases such as new pneumonia is improved.The research of this paper focuses on "epidemic prevention and control","residential area planning" and "residential building design".Combined with the architectural theory and infectious disease medical research,this paper analyzes the transmission path of new coronavirus in the architectural space environment,and explores the positive role of architectural design techniques in epidemic prevention and control.First of all,from the perspective of epidemic prevention and control,we combed the previous studies on epidemic prevention and control in residential areas at home and abroad,analyzed them from the perspective of design,and found out the problems in epidemic prevention and control in residential areas.Secondly,combined with theoretical research,through field research,questionnaires,data analysis and other methods,the current epidemic prevention and control problems and influencing factors in residential areas are discussed in depth.Finally,based on the perspective of planning and architectural design,the optimization strategy of epidemic prevention design of residential buildings is proposed.Among them,the planning and design strategy is to promote a small residential area model with efficient epidemic prevention,including:(1)small residential areas are conducive to controlling the scale of epidemic infection spread.(2)Small settlements are conducive to enhancing the efficient circulation of prevention and control materials.(3)Small settlements are conducive to the effective use of epidemic prevention public space.(4)Small settlements are conducive to improving the prevention and control efficiency of settlement management;The architectural design strategy is to promote the space model of house type with variable epidemic prevention.Including:(1)Improve the physical environment to reduce the transmission risk.(2)The design of separable epidemic prevention strain space shall be reserved.(3)The space design of multi behavior coordination should be changed.The research of this paper finds that the current residential design has not paid enough attention to epidemic prevention and control in terms of planning layout,house type structure and space design,and there is still much room for improvement.Based on the transmission path of infectious diseases and architectural theory,this paper puts forward three principles for the design of residential buildings in the context of epidemic situation: first,improve the microclimate of building space,focus on improving the ventilation efficiency,and reduce the transmission threshold;2、 The construction method is used to guide the distribution of people,reduce the density of people in the unit space,and reduce the risk of infection.3、 Improve the flexibility of residential area and indoor space,ensure the quality of life,and adapt to different needs under the epidemic situation.Therefore,it is of great significance to integrate the theory of epidemic prevention and control into the design of residential buildings to improve the normal epidemic prevention capacity of residential buildings.Through this study,we hope to provide ideas for residential area planning and architectural design in the post epidemic era,and contribute to the joint research of architectural design,infectious disease prevention and control and other disciplines,as well as the normalization of epidemic prevention and control.