Study On The Wisdom Of Terrain Adaptation Construction Of Typical Traditional Mountain Dwellings In Qinling And Shaanxi Section

In the western section of Qinling Mountains and Shaanxi,there is a typical representative of the ideal housing model of China,which is formed by the historical changes of the natural terrain of rivers and rivers,and the unique pattern of not disturbing the mountains and making artificial land.Traditional mountain dwellings,with rich historical deposits and regional construction connotation,combine the unique aesthetic interest of traditional mountains and rivers in the Qinling Mountains with the experience of adaptation and construction of diverse landforms,to build a good living environment of geographical location and people in accordance with the weather.The profound construction experience formed after thousands of years of precipitation in the construction process is the historical foundation of the long-term construction of modern new residential houses preserving the traditional wisdom.However,the challenges of perspective required to deal with the complex terrain based on the overall association among subsets make the excellent traditional terrain adaptation and construction experience in the region not yet systematically refined.As a result,it is particularly important to integrate traditional construction experience into the protection,utilization and inheritance process of terrain adaptability of Qinling mountain dwellings.Based on the characteristics of the topographic elements of residential construction in Shaanxi section of the Qinling Mountains and guided by the scientific theories of human settlement environment,this study focuses on the typical traditional mountain residential buildings with various types,long duration,close correlation,relatively weak extraction of construction experience and relatively urgent need of topographic adaptation for construction.Taking the traditional mountain dwellings in 18 typical villages selected from 110 traditional mountain villages in the Qinling Mountains and Shaanxi section as the research object,based on the concept cognition that "experience of terrain adaptability construction of traditional mountain dwellings" is a series of common characteristics and characteristic experience summary of traditional mountain dwellings’ construction based on basic reproductive environment under the action of special terrain environment and limited land conditions.Following the research logic from external appearance characteristics to internal adaptation mechanism disclosure,scientific exploration and verification of deep experience,the research framework of "topographic elements induction-construction adaptation mining-scientific principle disclosure-traditional construction experience summary and formation" is built.By comprehensively using the methods of literature research,field research,comparative analysis and matrix graph,the paper focuses on the integration and correlation degree of the four main topographic elements of Qinling and Shaanxi Section,namely "landform","slope position","slope direction" and "slope" and the corresponding eight seed sets.Analyze and adapt to the three-layer perspective of "macro terrain","meso terrain" and "micro terrain" in the whole process of site selection,layout and construction of residential buildings.Carry out related typing research and scientific principle discovery and verification of "Experience of adapted site Selection Slope Characteristics under the Relationship Division of Village dwellings’ site selection and Four Types of mountains","Experience of adapted Space Characteristics under the Division of three types of ground Forms and" Experience of architectural structure common characteristics and adapted structure characteristics under the Division of Two Types of terrain slope sections".Finally,the construction experience extracted from the classification research on terrain adaptability is summarized and integrated to form a reference for terrain adaptability construction in the Shaanxi section of the Qinling Mountains,which "takes terrain adaptation as the principle,residential structure as the sub-component,function principle as the path,method mechanism as the landing point,conforms to the green construction standard and ADAPTS to the traditional residential structure style".A total of 24 items and 76 pieces of experience of 3 levels,9 categories and based on all-round multi-points have been preliminarily summarized and constructed.In addition,the author tries to combine the traditional construction experience obtained with the modern application inheritance research,and further puts forward the inheritance ideas and paths of the adaptive construction experience of local folk dwellings.This paper comprehensively combs and excavates the experience of terrain adaptability construction of typical traditional mountain dwellings within the research scope,and provides a scientific subset of ideas and systematic basic results for the study of terrain adaptability of Qinling and Shaanxi section,in order to provide references for the localization inheritance and construction of terrain adaptability of new mountain dwellings.