Research On The Optimization Of Kindergarten Layout In Xi ’ An Historical District From The Perspective Of Life Circle Specialty: Urban Planning

Preschool education is an important stage of personal enlightenment education and plays an important role in China ’s education system.As a public service facility providing preschool education,kindergartens have an important impact on the popularization and fairness of preschool education in terms of their spatial layout,the nature of kindergartens and the way of construction.Previous studies have mainly explored the efficiency and fairness of kindergarten allocation from the perspective of land balance,but this method has neglected the actual needs of urban residents.As one of the earlier development and construction areas in Xi ’an,Xi ’an ’s historical urban area has experienced many rounds of planning and development,and the urban function and population scale have been continuously relieved to the periphery.In the new stage of development,it is necessary to pay attention to the imbalance between supply and demand of educational service facilities such as kindergartens due to changes in population distribution and spatial characteristics of facilities.This paper selects the historical urban area of Xi ’an as the research area,and analyzes the current kindergarten layout without considering the factors such as teacher allocation.In the past,there was a lack of population data at the micro-scale of urban communities,and few studies combined the supply side of kindergartens with the actual population demand side.Based on the concept of " living circle residential area " determined in the " Urban Residential Area Planning and Design Standards(2018 Edition)," this paper divides48 5-minute community living circle units in Xi ’an historical urban area by using various data reflecting population distribution,such as census,statistical yearbook,mobile phone signaling and so on.By using the Internet electronic map walking path planning API to analyze the kindergarten space service scope,using the kernel density to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of the kindergarten,and combining with the community life circle unit to match the kindergarten facilities construction index,this paper analyzes the problems existing in the current kindergarten layout,and puts forward the targeted optimization strategy and layout optimization scheme,so as to realize the supply of kindergarten facilities to meet the actual needs of urban residents.The main conclusions of this paper include three aspects:First of all,the study found that the existing living conditions in the historical city of Xi’an are more complex,the old and new residential land are mixed with each other,the spatial distribution is more scattered,and the living environment is relatively old,the number of supporting facilities is insufficient,and the service capacity is limited.At the same time,there is a certain mismatch between the permanent population and the actual population distribution in each community.The population distribution is inconsistent with the conventional cognition of the area,which leads to different service needs for facilities.In addition,there are great differences in the allocation of existing kindergartens,and the spatial layout is unreasonable,which also leads to the uneven distribution of preschool education resources.Secondly,the layout of kindergartens is measured and analyzed from the perspective of 5-minute community life circle.It mainly summarizes four problems.First,the distribution of kindergarten education resources and spatial distribution is unreasonable.In some areas,there is no kindergarten distribution for residential land,which cannot meet the needs of residents to attend school nearby.The walking service range of kindergartens in each community life circle is significantly different,and the overall spatial walking accessibility index is 62.17 %.Second,there is a lack of kindergarten configuration in some community life circles,and there is still a gap between the overall thousand people index and the standard value of the kindergarten.Third,due to the uneven distribution of population in the community life circle,the supply of kindergarten degrees varies greatly,and the overall degree supply and demand balance rate in the community life circle is 56.25 %.Fourth,the average area index of kindergarten students is generally not up to standard.Finally,the study puts forward four layout optimization strategies,giving priority to the allocation of community life circle units lacking kindergartens,improving the supply of kindergarten degrees to meet the needs of residents,actively exploring ways to optimize the layout of kindergartens,integrating existing preschool education resources,and building a preschool education system.Furthermore,it is proposed to adopt a differentiated plan to guide the layout development and facility renewal of kindergartens on the micro-scale of community life circle.The plan uses the location allocation model,and combines the top-down planning analysis with the bottom-up actual investigation.Finally,10 new kindergartens were proposed,39 were optimized,and 2 were upgraded.Taking the balance of supply and demand of degrees as the goal,the rationality of the comparison scheme is analyzed,and the future kindergarten planning and allocation indicators are discussed and analyzed.Based on the perspective of life circle research,this study upholds the people-oriented planning concept,effectively responds to the needs of population distribution for facilities,and further optimizes the distribution of social public resources and the layout of space facilities,in order to provide reference and experience for the rational layout of preschool education facilities in historical urban areas.