Research On Differential Toll Pricing Of Expressway Appointment System

The construction and development of highway plays a positive role in promoting social and economic development,among which expressway is most closely related to regional economic development.While the rapid development of expressways has brought great benefits to people’s travel convenience,it has also produced many problems that need to be solved urgently: on the one hand,due to the differences in construction costs and government subsidies of different expressways,a unified toll standard creates an economic burden on highway operators or users,which further makes part of the traffic flow to the surrounding competitive ordinary roads.On the other hand,the flow distribution of the regional road network is uneven in time and space,which leads to the unreasonable utilization of road network resources and the decline of road network traffic efficiency and service quality.In order to solve the above problems,many provinces in China have explored the practical application of expressway differential toll mode in recent years,but there are still many deficiencies in the specific implementation: first of all,in terms of rate formulation,the choice of differentiation mode is more subjective and lack of objective basis.Secondly,most of the differential toll research objects are aimed at a single road section,rarely considering the traffic characteristics of the road network in the region where the target road is located,and lack of optimization research from the perspective of the overall regional road network.In order to solve the above problems,this thesis combines the concept of booking travel with differential toll mode,puts forward the differential toll mode of expressway reservation system,and discusses the feasibility and effectiveness of this model.The main contents of this thesis are summarized as follows:(1)By summarizing the research status of booking travel and differentiated charges at home and abroad,and combining with the existing research results of relevant literature,the research idea of this thesis is established: taking the booking travel mode as the carrier and differential charging as the means of implementation,through the principle of price leverage to reasonably regulate the travel demand of users,so as to achieve the purpose of balancing the temporal and spatial distribution of road network traffic.(2)The specific implementation details and operation process are described based on the considerations of the appointment differential charging model system.a detailed investigation was carried out on the public acceptance in the implementation conditions of the model--combined with the planned behavior theory,a public acceptance survey of the reservation differential charging model was designed and carried out.The questionnaire results show that 71% of the 430 respondents are willing to participate in the charging model.And 68% of the respondents are willing to recommend to relatives and friends to participate,indicating that the reservation differential charging model studied in this thesis has a good public acceptance,the necessity of research and the possibility of implementation.(3)Based on the conclusion of(2),this thesis studies the rate-setting model of reservation differential charging through the process of "traffic volume prediction model".Firstly,the future travel demand of regional road network is predicted by SARIMA time series prediction model,which provides data support for the solution of subsequent pricing model.Secondly,combined with behavioral psychology,a differential pricing model of reservation users based on prospect theory is constructed.(4)The regional road network composed of part of Chengdu-Chongqing Ring Road and surrounding expressways is analyzed,and the differential pricing model of booking users is solved by simulated annealing algorithm.the path passage rate of booking users is obtained,and the two indexes of road section saturation and time-saving costeffectiveness are selected to evaluate the effect of differential toll collection.After the implementation of differential tolls:(1)The saturation of road sections decreases during peak hours and increases during peak hours.(2)The variance of road section saturation in the road network during peak hours is reduced by 55%,and the fluctuation range of flow between different road sections is small;(3)The total time cost of the system is reduced by about 1.8%,with a total time cost benefit of 89652 yuan and travel time saving of3921.8 hours.Through the above research,this thesis demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the reservation differential toll mode.The study of this thesis helps to balance the temporal and spatial distribution of road network traffic and improve the road network traffic efficiency.It is of reference significance for the combined application of booking travel mode and differential toll mode.