Research On The Influence Of Time Pressure On Young Novice Drivers’ Driving Behavior

Society is rapidly developing today,with rapid growth in various aspects such as the economy and transportation system.In order to meet the needs of life and work,people will try to reduce their time in the transportation process.Therefore,people are faced with time pressure during transportation activities.Relevant research has shown that time pressure can affect drivers’ driving behavior,especially young novice drivers who are more susceptible to external factors.Therefore,studying the impact of time pressure on young novice drivers’ driving behavior has important practical significance.This article uses a simulated driving platform to conduct simulated driving tests for young novice drivers under different time pressures.Through simulated driving tests,psychological characteristics,visual characteristics,and vehicle operating status data under different time pressures were obtained,and the impact of time pressure on them was analyzed.Finally,a driving load evaluation model under time pressure was established.The specific research work and conclusions are as follows:(1)According to the research purpose,a simulated driving test scheme was designed.At the same time,the driving styles of 15 test subjects were divided into cautious,normal,and aggressive types.A simulated driving test was conducted to obtain ECG data,eye movement data,and vehicle operating status data of drivers under different time pressures,providing a basis for subsequent research.(2)The psychological characteristics of drivers are studied from two aspects,one is subjective analysis based on the driver’s emotional state scale,and the other is objective analysis based on the driver’s ECG data.The research results show that time stress can significantly increase drivers’ emotional state levels such as anger,nervousness,and energy,as well as their heart rate during driving;Driving style can also have an impact on the emotional state and heart rate of drivers,with aggressive drivers having the highest levels of anger,tension,energy,and other emotional states,as well as the largest increase in heart rate,while cautious drivers have the lowest levels of anger,tension,energy,and other emotional states,as well as the smallest increase in heart rate.Road types also have an impact on drivers’ heart rate values.Drivers’ heart rate on two-way two-lane roads is higher than that on two-way four-lane or two-way six-car roads,and under the influence of time pressure,this difference becomes significant.(3)Combining the visual field plane division method and playback video division method,the driver’s gaze area is divided into 8 parts: straight ahead,left front,right front,left front,left rearview mirror,right rearview mirror,interior rearview mirror,interior dashboard,and navigation area.Subsequently,the changes in visual characteristics of drivers under different time pressures were analyzed from three aspects: gaze,scanning,and pupils.The research results showed that under time pressure,drivers increased their attention to the right front and navigation areas,and decreased their attention to the rearview mirror area and the instrument panel in the vehicle;The average scanning time of drivers will be significantly reduced;The driver’s pupil area change rate will significantly increase.(4)By examining the test video,the effects of time pressure,driving style,and road type on vehicle operating state parameters such as average vehicle speed,lane change times,were analyzed.The results of one-way repeated measurement ANOVA and independent sample t-test showed that under time pressure,drivers significantly increased their driving speed and the number of lane changes;Aggressive drivers have the highest driving speed and lane change times,while cautious drivers have the lowest driving speed and lane change times;The driving speed of a driver on a two-way two-lane road section is smaller than that on a two-way four-lane or two-way six-car road section,while the number of lane changes a driver makes on a two-way two-lane road section is greater than the number of lane changes on a two-way four-lane or two-way six-car road section.(5)Taking heart rate,average scanning time,pupil area change rate,average vehicle speed,and lane change times as original indicators,three common factors were extracted using factor analysis method,and weighted using CRITIC weighting method.Finally,a driving load evaluation model under time pressure was established.Using this model,the driving load levels of drivers under different time pressures were evaluated.The results of one-way repeated measurement ANOVA showed that time pressure significantly increased the level of driving load of drivers.