| Taking Gaoxigou Village,Mizhi County,Yulin City,Shaanxi Province,a typical ecological demonstration village in loess hilly region,as an example,this paper explores the changes of land use landscape pattern under soil and water conservation measures,analyzes the evolution characteristics and implementation path of "production-living-ecological" pattern in Gaoxigou Village,and provides guidance for improving soil and water conservation,ecological economic development and land use optimization of similar villages in loess hilly region.Based on the remote sensing images of Gaoxigou in 1986,2004 and 2022 and the land use data of Gaoxigou,with the help of Arc GIS,ERDAS and FRAGSTATS,this paper analyzes the land use change and its driving factors in Gaoxigou by using dynamic attitude,transfer matrix and landscape pattern index.Then,from the perspective of "production-livingecological",the evolution characteristics of the spatial pattern of biodiversity in Gaoxigou from 1953 to 2022 are studied,and on this basis,the implementation path of the main problems of biodiversity space is explored.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Gaoxigou land use dominant land type is obvious,landscape fragmentation degree is higher and higher.From 1986 to 2022,forest land and grassland were the main land use types in Gaoxigou.On the whole,the area of cultivated land and unused land decreased,while the area of forest land increased.There was no significant difference between construction land and water area.From the perspective of land use transformation,the mutual conversion between cultivated land and grassland,cultivated land and forest land,forest land and unused land,grassland and unused land was mainly manifested in the conversion between cultivated land and woodland,and the conversion from unused land to grassland was the most significant.From the perspective of landscape type index,woodland is always the dominant patch in the landscape pattern of land use in Gaoxigou,and has the highest degree of fragmentation.In the study area,there were stable connections among the patches of different landscape types,and the landscape connectivity was good.From the perspective of landscape level index,the evolution of the overall landscape pattern was scattered,the area gap between different landscape types increased,the forest land as the dominant landscape became more obvious,and the overall fragmentation degree became higher and higher.(2)From 1986 to 2022,the main driving factors of significant land use change in Gaoxigou were soil and water conservation,industrial structure and national policies.As the core of ecological environment management in Gaoxigou,soil and water conservation is the main influencing factor of the reduction of cultivated land,the exploitation of unused land,and the increase of woodland and grassland.It fundamentally solves the problem of environmental destruction in Gaoxigou for a long time.The adjustment of industrial structure,national policies and financial support are the auxiliary factors influencing the optimization of land use landscape pattern in Gaoxigou,which provides strong support for the economic and social development and sustainable development of Gaoxigou.(3)From 1953 to 2022,the ecological space in Gaoxigou was dominant and contributed the most to the value of ecosystem services.During the whole study period,production space decreased,living space and ecological space increased in Gaoxigou.The production space is reflected in the decrease of agricultural production space,that is,the decrease of cultivated land area;Living space is reflected in the increase of rural living space,that is,the increase of construction land;Ecological space is manifested in the increase of green space and the decrease of other ecological space,that is,the increase of forest land and the decrease of unused land.From the perspective of production-living-ecological space transformation,agricultural production space was the largest area transferred out from 1986 to 2022,followed by other ecological space.The area transfer is mainly reflected in the transformation of agricultural production space and other ecological space into green ecological space,part of green ecological space into agricultural production space and rural living space.During this period,the ecosystem service value of Gaoxigou increased by 6,352,900 yuan,and the ecological land(woodland and grassland)was the core component of the ecosystem service value of Gaoxigou,and woodland was always the most valuable land.(4)In the early stage of Gaoxigou,the production-living-ecological space mainly showed low productivity and serious abandonment of farmland.Dilapidated buildings,environmental pollution;Serious soil erosion and low land utilization rate.In view of its early problems,Gaoxigou has explored the appropriate implementation path,in the production should change the cultivation method of wide and low harvest,adopt a variety of ways of "production-livingecological" business model,in the life should try to build new homes,beautify the public area,in the ecology should expand the forest and grass area,create tourism culture,so as to achieve the coordinated development of Gaoxigou production-living-ecological space. |
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