Evaluation Of Landscape Recreationn Service In High-density Cities In Mountain Areas

The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment(MA)categorizes ecosystem services into four categories: support,regulation,supply,and cultural services.As one of the most representative services in cultural services,Recreation Service(RS)is a non material benefit provided by ecosystems to humans and a crucial contributor to improving human well-being.Against the backdrop of the transformation of major social contradictions in our country,the current demand for high-quality development and construction of urban living environments has highlighted the urgency of RS research,and cities have become the hottest areas of RS research.As a typical mountainous city,Chongqing’s unique geographical environment has led to the excessive development of advantageous spaces and the imbalanced pattern of weak peripheral spaces,which has gradually highlighted the contradiction between insufficient supply of recreational space and the surge in residents’ recreational demand.In order to enable mountainous cities to allocate recreational resources reasonably,quantitatively evaluate the recreational value of mountainous cities,grasp the level of recreational services,and judge the contradiction between supply and demand,it is very necessary to improve the quality of living environment.Therefore,this study takes the central urban area of Chongqing as the research area,carries out spatial assessment from three aspects of supply capacity,demand and utilization of landscape recreation services,analyzes the aggregation law of RS supply and demand space based on spatial statistics,identifies supply and demand mismatch space and puts forward optimization suggestions,with a view to providing theoretical support and practical reference for the management of recreation services in mountainous Urban ecosystem.The research conclusions are as follows:(1)The supply capacity of landscape recreation in the study area is evaluated from the perspectives of supply potential and supply opportunities.Recreational supply potential is weighted by five indicators,namely,naturalness,landscape diversity,distance from water body,topographic relief and recreational green space.It is found that the distribution of supply potential is significantly affected by the landscape distribution pattern,forming a belt shaped high-value cluster along the Yangtze River,Jialing River and four mountains;The supply opportunity is weighted by three indicators,namely,the distance from the landscape resource point,the reachability of roads and the density of infrastructure services.The spatial structure of "large agglomeration,small dispersion" is obvious,and the characteristics of imbalance are prominent,with the parent city of the central city being the most concentrated.Affected by the potential and opportunities of RS supply,RS supply exhibits significant spatial clustering,presenting a distribution pattern of "big core sub core small core".The supply in the core area of the main city is the highest,and the recreational supply capacity of the Beibei cluster is also high.Some spots are scattered in areas with better ecological landscape resource conditions.(2)The demand for recreational services is characterized by population spatial distribution density,and kernel density analysis is conducted using Baidu Map population calorific value data to obtain population spatial clustering characteristics,thereby reflecting the intensity of recreational service demand.The spatial distribution of RS demand is extremely uneven,presenting a spatial pattern of high in the center and low in the periphery,high in the west and low in the east.The spatial distribution of demand has a certain correlation with the level of economic development.(3)The actual use and preference characteristics of recreational services by beneficiaries are characterized by the number of photos of geographical markers and recreational features.The distribution of RS in the research area has a clear centripetal distribution,with high value areas mainly concentrated in the core area of the "Two Rivers and Four Banks",gradually spreading in an umbrella shape towards the west,while scattered in large areas in the east.(4)Analyze the supply and demand relationship of RS using bivariate spatial correlation.The spatial correlation between RS demand,RS use and RS aggregate supply is positive.Both the demand and use of RS have a strong spatial positive correlation with road reachability and service facility density,and a low correlation with natural environmental conditions.The difference is that there is the strongest positive correlation between actual use and recreational green space,while there is a strong negative correlation between recreational demand and naturalness.(5)Using the natural breakpoint method,RS supply and demand were divided into three categories: low(L),medium(M),and high(H),ultimately forming nine supply and demand matching patterns.The overall supply and demand relationship of RS recreational services is good,with a balanced area(L-L,M-M,H-H)accounting for45.49% of the total research area;Most regions(50.07%)have a surplus supply of RS,with H-L(7.88%)mainly distributed along the two rivers and some scattered in suburban areas with superior landscape resource conditions.39.13%(M-L)is distributed in a strip shape along the "four mountains" and has a certain supply potential.The H-M region(3.06%)is located around the core area of the main city,with a relatively high supply capacity;However,the built up areas around the core area(4.4%)are in short supply(L-H,L-M,M-H).(6)On the basis of the evaluation results of the landscape recreation service space in the research area,based on the development and construction situation of the central urban area of Chongqing,six strategies for improving and optimizing landscape recreation services were proposed,namely "shaping the city with culture","establishing the city with trees and gardens","integrating the city with rivers and bays","opening the city with gardens","expanding the garden to supplement the city",and "ecological beauty city".