Research On The Impact And Coordination Of Low-carbon Policy On Three-level Automobile Supply Chain

In recent years,the problems of automobile exhaust and oil shortage are expected to be effectively solved by developing the new energy automobile industry.Under this realistic background,people’s attention to new energy vehicles is increasing day by day.At the same time,in order to promote the development of new energy vehicles,many countries and governments have formulated various low-carbon policies(this article mainly involves government subsidy policy and double credit policy).How to consider a low-carbon policy to coordinate and optimize the structure of the new energy vehicle supply chain,so as to promote its transformation and upgrading,is a problem that needs to be solved at present.To this end,this paper considers the promotion of low-carbon policies on the supply side.It is assumed that the manufacturer produces both fuel vehicles and new energy vehicles,and two auto retailers sell fuel vehicles and new energy vehicles respectively.At the same time,considering that the core components of new energy vehicles are provided by upstream suppliers.A decision model for the supply chain of new energy vehicles is constructed,and turning repair.Then,supply chain coordination is carried out through the Shapley value method.This paper will conduct a detailed study of the new energy vehicle supply chain from the following two core contents.The first part,which based on government subsidies and subsidy decline,establishes a three-level automotive supply chain which composed of suppliers-manufacturers-retailers.And the downstream decentralized and centralized decision-making models of the automotive supply chain are compared and analyzed.Besides,a coordination mechanism is designed.Finally,the changes of consumer surplus and the total profit of the downstream of automobile supply chain with government subsidies are analyzed numerically.Research shows that: suppliers of new energy vehicle core components will transfer government subsidies by increasing the wholesale price of their core components.Under the two policies,the impact of government subsidies on the price of fuel vehicles is different.The profits of suppliers and automakers under decentralized decision-making do not always increase with the increase of government subsidies,and the profits of suppliers and the downstream of supply chain under centralized decision-making do not always have a positive relationship with government subsidies.When the government subsidy is low,the retail price of new energy vehicles is higher but the demand is lower under centralized decision-making.And the retail price of fuel vehicles is higher but the demand is lower under decentralized decision-making.But when the government subsidy is higher,the situation is the opposite.As long as automakers do not form alliances with new energy vehicle retailers,it will not affect the wholesale prices of upstream new energy vehicle core components.Consumer surplus will increase as subsidies increase.The double credit policy that substitutes the government subsidy policy is considered in the second part.This part compares and analyzes equilibrium results under decentralized and centralized decision-making models and designs coordination mechanisms.Finally,the change of the total profit in the downstream of the automobile supply chain with the credit price is studied by numerical analysis.Research shows that: the demand for fuel vehicles increases with the increase of the credit price,while the demand for new energy vehicles decreases with the increase of the credit price when the actual fuel consumption of fuel vehicles is lower than the value of specified standard and the absolute value is greater than the specified credit ratio requirements.When the credit price is low,the profits of suppliers and car manufacturers decrease as the credit price increases,and it is opposite when the credit price is high.The retail price of new energy vehicles decreases with the increase of its credit,and the degree of reduction in centralized decision-making is higher than that in decentralized decision-making.The demand for new energy vehicles has a positive relationship with all credit standards,and the increase in demand in centralized decision-making is higher than that in decentralized decision-making,while the demand for fuel vehicles has a negative relationship with all credit standards.In addition,the objects on which the integration criteria act directly vary the most with the corresponding credit criteria.