Study On Structural Characteristics Of Vernacular Dwellings In Ulanqab Region

In history,Inner Mongolia has always been the habitat of nomads and nomadic culture has always been dominant.From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,the migration activities lasted for more than 300 years,which made Inner Mongolia undergo cultural reconstruction.Among them,Ulanqab area is the intersection area of Shanxi and Shaanxi immigrant cultural circle and Hebei and Lu immigrant cultural circle,is the main area of Jin Zhanghu piece,and adjacent to Jin Da Bao piece.At the same time,the overlap of farming culture and nomadic culture and the change of natural environment make the vernacular dwellings in this area present rich characteristic expression under the action of multiple factors.On the basis of summarizing the building types of vernacular dwellings in Ulanqab area according to the field survey data,this paper studies the load-bearing structure system that builds the rich spatial organization and architectural form of the dwellings,which can be divided into the following parts:First of all,typology research is carried out on the building types and plane forms of vernacular dwellings in Ulanqab area,and the expression characteristics of structures under different types and the relationship between them are analyzed,which lays a foundation for the classification of load-bearing structures in the next step.Secondly,the structural load-bearing system is sorted out and summarized,and the structural load-bearing system of local dwellings in Ulanqab is classified and studied according to the load-bearing materials and the construction methods of load-bearing materials.Then,morphological study and classification of the wood structure in the load-bearing system are carried out.Based on this,the regional characteristics of local residential structures in Ulanqab region are explored,and the regional characteristics of the structural load-bearing system including the weakening of the timber structure,the mixing and collocation of different frame types and the bearing and enclosure of raw soil structures are summarized.In the wooden structure,the form of bucket frame is simplified continuously,and the beam frame shows the regional characteristics of overlapping and connecting frame thinking.In addition,this paper makes an analogical study on the data of vernacular dwellings in Hohhot,and finds that vernacular dwellings in both places have the same characteristics in two aspects: the order principle of structure construction dominated by spatial cultural concept and the architectural modeling and decoration principle dominated by structural beauty.At the same time,due to the slight difference in the human geographical background,there are differences in the richness of structural construction and the spatial complexity of structural construction evolution of vernacular dwellings in the two places.To sum up,this paper studies the structure of vernacular dwellings in Ulanqab,complements the structural features of vernacular dwellings in the cultural interlacing area,and also provides reference and basis for the protection,renewal and development of the carrier of vernacular culture in this region.