The Design Strategy Of The Great Wall Tour Trail Under The Background Of National Cultural Park Project

Some of the Great Wall tourism trails built in the past have limitations on in-depth heritage interpretation and protection.Given the current strategy for developing a strong culture in China,the construction of the Great Wall national cultural park proposes high requirements for the observation system,including a long series of scattered resource supply points,the exhibition of the Great Wall unique values,enrichment of the tour experience,and heritage inheritance and dissemination.Therefore,the observation system is built with the tourism trails as the main body.However,the current tourism trail theory centered on the types of the natural park and urban street cannot meet the demands of the heritage super large display,long tourism routes,and hidden value that is difficult to activate.Additionally,no planning or design is generated for the suitable Great Wall tourism trails,which have been summarized and proposed.Therefore,there are still gaps in planning and designing the Great Wall tourism trails.Due to the deficiencies mentioned above,the Great Wall resources are elucidated and utilized according to local conditions.In this study,a variety of resource points of the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty(including the opened Great Wall scenic area and the "wild" Great Wall)were selected as the research objectives.The layout features of the Great Wall heritage,rules for route selection,and the paradigm of tourism trails were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively,based on literature summary,field investigations,3D topographic analysis,model development of designed routes,and geospatial data computing of heritage resources.It was found that the layout of the Great Wall tourism trail followed the inherent logic of the heritage body and the snobbery.The spatial sequence was arranged according to the selected theme.Simultaneously,the layout typically integrated with the interpretation system,sign system,and road foundation.It established its own system with comprehensive recreational features covering science education,exploration,nostalgia,scenic viewing,fitness,and tourism.In the research process,firstly,by tracing the historical development of the Great Wall,the historical connotation and status of the remains of the Great Wall were excavated.On this basis,a five-step process for route selection was constructed,forming Standard Operating Procedures(SOPs)based on the factors involving cultural heritage resources,landscape resources,geographical foundations,and service facilities.Furthermore,the tourism trail with the minimum cost was obtained by computing the geospatial data.Secondly,quantitative results were analyzed and organized,and the tourism trail was partially adjusted depending on the correction factors such as policy orientation and economic benefits.By the quantitative analysis of the 3D point cloud data of the Great Wall,the close correlation between the tourism trails and the Great Wall spatial layout was clarified in terms of spatial location,scenic view,and functional properties.Subsequently,the tourism trails were graded by the path width and the tourism difficulty.The data of path width and the tourism difficulty were then transformed into several corresponding design paradigms.Finally,a strategy for tourism trail design was created by combing the process of route selection and the design paradigms.Compared with the previous planning and design methods of natural parks and urban street-type tourism trails,this study focused on the existing macro-planning,and explored the feasibility and technical potential of quantitative planning and design of Great Wall tourism trails from the macro-planning route selection process to the micropath design paradigm.This research can play an essential role on improving the planning approaches to China Great Wall tourism trails,enriching the route selection and the theory of route design,and significantly promoting tourism trails to support the construction of national cultural parks at the aspects of cultural heritage protection mode,cultural relic display,and tour experience.In addition,the approach formed in this research provides a good reference for other countries on the protection,display,and tour plans of linear cultural heritage parks and realizes the win-win of cultural heritage protection and practical use.