Research On The Fractal Characteristics,Aesthetic Characteristics And Their Relationship Of The Dong Nationality Traditional Villages In Guizhou

The Dong traditional villages are quite traditional ethnic villages.They had the spatial pattern of “mountain-water-field-forest-village”.The drum tower,the wind and rain bridge,the village gate,the hecang and other characteristics of Dong nationality have certain certainities in the history of architecture in China and even the whole world.It has great research significance and value for the study of the Dong traditional villages.At present,the research on the fractal characteristics and aesthetic characteristics of the Dong traditional villages was less involved at home and abroad,and quantitative research on it has a larger space for exploration.This paper usd the fractal dimension,the lacunarity indices and the scenic beauty estimation procedures to carry out quantitative research on the fractal characteristics and aesthetic characteristics of the Dong typical traditional villages.This research had great significance for the protection and development of the Dong traditional villages,and it could also provide reference ideas and directions for the current rural planning and revitalization strategy.The research results are as follows:(1)Buildings,roads,water systems,farmland,vegetation and architectural elements of the Dong traditional villages in Guizhou had obvious fractal features.It could be seen that fractal analysis which based on the fractal theory of the Dong traditional villages was feasible.(2)From the analysis of the overall spatial form of the village,the overall fractal dimension of these villages was 1.4404～1.6360,and the average value of fractal dimension was 1.5486.This indicated that the overall spatial pattern of the Dong traditional villages tended to be complex,the spatial pattern of the Dong traditional villages was in a random distribution state.Those villages were less interfered by the outside world,the original state of these villages were well preserved and these had harmonious with the natural environment.The fractal dimension of building elements was 1.3493～1.5105,the fractal dimension of road elements was 1.2202～1.3749,the fractal dimension of water system elements was 1.0254～1.2701,the fractal dimension of vegetation elements was 1.2188～1.6806,and the fractal dimension of farmland elements was 1.0312～1.5826.On the whole,the spatial self-similarity and morphological complexity of the buildings,vegetation and farmland elements in the planar layout were higher than road,water system which were linear layout.This was closely related to the location of the Dong nationality traditional villages,production and living conditions,cultural practices and so on.(3)From the analysis of the overall spatial distribution of the village,the Dong traditional villages and vegetation elements were randomly distributed.It could be seen that the spatial layout of the Dong villages respected the local natural environment,and its national beliefs were combined with nature to protect it.Constrained by natural factors,the belief of Dong nationality,production and living habits,the architectural elements of Dong nationality traditional villages belonged to aggregate distribution;the roads were randomly and freely growing along with the topography,architecture and water system elements;the topography,construction conditions,development of the Dong villages within the scope of the study factors affected the water system and farmland elements in three forms: random distribution,aggregate distribution,and even distribution.(4)From the analysis of the spatial form of the single building,The planes and facades of the Dong traditional villages’ buildings had obvious fractal features.Under the same observation scale,these elements which included the residence,the drum tower,the wind and rain bridge had more significant fractal features than the village gate,hecang.The distribution of the plane texture elements of the dwellings,the drum tower and the wind and rain bridge was more balanced,and the texture of the facade was more abundant than the village gate,hecang.This had a lot to do with the use frequency of buildings and national belief.(5)From the analysis of the spatial layout of buildings,the vast majority of the structural elements of the Dong traditional villages’ buildings were evenly distributed.The lacunarity indices of the drum tower,the wind and rain bridge of the Dong nationality were larger than other buildings’,which indicated that the aggregation of the fabric elements of the drum tower,the wind and rain bridge was higher than other buildings’.The distribution of planar texture elements in Dong architecture was different.In the same research area,the distribution of buildings with similar scales was mostly regular,while the plane texture elements of the buildings with significant differences in plane scale were gathering distribution.The lacunarity indices of the hecang and village gate were larger than that of other buildings,which indicated that the plane texture elements of the hecang and village gate were more concentrated.(6)The landscape beauty of overall village,farmland and vegetation of the Dong traditional villages were higher than buildings,water and roads.The landscapes of different seasons were different,and the landscapes dominated by plants were affected by the seasons.The value of landscape beauty changed with time.The degree of change depended on the protection and development of the village.(7)The aesthetics of the Dong traditional villages were reflected in the ecological harmony of the artificial environment and the natural environment;the beautiful form of these villages and architectural combination,the functional beauty of the Dong architecture,and the national beauty of the Dong traditional villages.(8)The relationship between the fractal characteristics and the aesthetic characteristics of the Dong traditional villages in Guizhou could be seen.There were significant correlation between the fractal dimension,lacunarity and the SBE of the building,road,water system,farmland,vegetation and the building elements were significantly correlated.This showed that there was a certain quantitative relationship between the fractal and aesthetics of the Dong traditional villages.(9)This paper proposed that using fractal ideas to promote the protection and development planning of the traditional villages.It could evaluate the rationality of the protection and development planning schemes of traditional villages based on the theory of fractal theory.Planning and design scheme respected nature and had regional characteristics by basing on the theory of fractal theory.It could to explore new methods for the identification or determination of traditional villages by basing on the study of fractal aesthetics.