| With the evolutionary development of the existing electricity networks toward an optimized and sustainable energy system,smart grid as the next generation power grid has been widely studied.Advanced metering infrastructure(AMI),as the totality of systems and networks to monitor,store,analyze and manage energy usage data,is a crucial component of smart grid.Based on the real-time data acquisition and control capability,AMI can provide services such as load forecasting,demand response,outage management,system monitoring,and dynamic pricing.Nevertheless,as smart grid develops,AMI faces various security threats due to its high dependence on network and communication system,such as network attack,privacy disclosure,energy consumption data tampering and other malicious actions.Therefore,the research on the security of AMI is an important link that cannot be ignored in the development process of smart grid.This paper analyzes the research status both native and foreign.For the identity authentication and key management of AMI,the confidentiality and integrity issues in the process of energy consumption data aggregation,two schemes are proposed:(1)Anonymous authentication and key agreement scheme based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography(ECC).Aiming at the problem of secure communication session between resource-constrained smart meters in AMI,a lightweight anonymous authentication and key agreement scheme is designed by using cryptography knowledge such as ECC,one-way hash function and zero-knowledge proof.This scheme only involves a small amount of ECC point multiplication and hash operations,and does not use complex operations such as public key infrastructure and bilinear pairing,so it is more suitable for physical terminals with limited computing resources such as smart meters.In addition,the Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications(AVISPA)formal analysis and Dolve-Yao non-formal safety analysis were conducted on the scheme.The safety assessment indicates that this scheme can provide more comprehensive security properties for AMI than the existing related authentication schemes.Finally,the performance of the proposed scheme is comprehensively evaluated in terms of computational and communication overhead.Compared with the existing related schemes,this scheme has better performance,especially in terms of communication overhead,this scheme is the most lightweight.(2)Consensus mechanism of AMI data aggregation based on credibility.Aiming at the integrity and confidentiality of user energy consumption data,this paper studies the blockchain-based AMI data aggregation framework,and designs a lightweight consensus mechanism based on user credibility.Through this consensus mechanism,the credibility of each node in the network can be evaluated,and a trusted smart meter from the network can be fairly selected as the accounting node,which is responsible for aggregating its energy usage data,and packaging it into blocks to add to the private blockchain of the utility company for auditing and preventing data tampering.Finally,building the private chain based on the tendermint blockchain application framework verifies the designed consensus mechanism,and its feasibility,computational efficiency,and storage overhead are analyzed.The experimental results indicate that compared with the existing related schemes,this scheme has higher computational efficiency.In addition,storage overhead is very friendly to both utility companies(storing complete blockchains)and resource-constrained devices. |
