Simulation And Strategy Optimization Of Emergency Evacuation In Teaching Building Based On Pupils’ Psychological Behavior Characteristics

In recent years,with the popularization and development of nine-year compulsory education,the number of primary and secondary school students has increased sharply,but their school safety problems have gradually become prominent.Due to the relatively weak perception of emergencies,such behaviors as panic,blind obedience appear easily for the primary and secondary school students.Therefore,they have become a high-incidence group of campus stampede accidents.The primary school teaching building is the main place where primary school students gather.The crowd with high density and limited evacuation space can lead to greater risks during the evacuation process.How to make students evacuate timely and quickly in emergencies and reduce the occurrence of mass casualties and injuries during evacuation has become an important research topic for relevant scientific research institutions and administrative departments.By analyzing the psychological and behavioral characteristics of the primary school students and using Anylogic software,the group evacuation models for primary school students in a primary school teaching building under normal and emergency conditions are established,respectively.The effects of such factors as stair width,path planning,grade distribution and panic on evacuation efficiency are discussed,and the formation mechanism of congestion nodes caused by various subjective and objective factors is analyzed.The corresponding optimized evacuation strategies are further obtained.In addition,as a special case,the dynamic characteristics of primary school students’ group evacuation at the stairs of the teaching building are also explored.The main work is as follows:1.Group evacuation of primary school students in a teaching building under normal circumstances.Taking a typical four-story primary school teaching building as the research object,considering the unique psychological and behavioral characteristics of the primary school group,the pedestrian simulation software Anylogic based on the social force model is used to model and simulate the evacuation of primary school students in multi-storey teaching buildings with the help of Multi-Agent technology.Numerical simulation studies the influence of stair width,path planning and classroom distribution of different grades on the evacuation process of primary school students in the teaching building under different evacuation numbers.For congested nodes,different optimization strategies are proposed.The results show that reasonable allocation of stairs according to the width of the stairs during evacuation can effectively reduce the total evacuation time of the student group.Adding guidance paths can reasonably divert the crowd,reduce congestion at the entrance of the stairs and avoid the occurrence of stampede accidents.When the middle-grade students are arranged on the second floor,the evacuation efficiency of the student group is the highest.2.Emergency evacuation simulation and optimization strategy of primary school students’ teaching building.Based on the group evacuation model of primary school students in the teaching building under normal circumstances,considering the influence of the psychological panic level of primary school students on group movement characteristics,walking speed and the selection of evacuation paths in emergency situations,a model simulating the group evacuation s of primary school students in a teaching building under emergency conditions is established.Simulation studies are carried out to study the effect of the psychological panic degree of primary school students under different evacuation numbers and different evacuation strategies on the evacuation time.The results show that in the case of emergency evacuation,the moderate panic of primary school students can improve the overall evacuation efficiency.Adding teachers’ guidance during the evacuation process in time is conducive to the safe and orderly evacuation.When the classrooms of low,middle and high-grade students in the teaching building are located on the second floor,the third floor and the fourth floor respectively,assuming different psychological panic degree of primary school students for different grades,the overall evacuation efficiency is the lowest when the students in grade 1 and grade 2 are in the state of extreme panic and the students in other grades are in the state of moderate panic.3.Group evacuation dynamics of primary school students in the staircase of the teaching building.Considering the unique psychological and behavioral characteristics of the primary school student group,an emergency evacuation model of primary school students in the staircase of the teaching building is established.The evacuation dynamic characteristics of primary school students in three situations of spontaneous downstairs,spontaneous upstairs and downstairs and queuing downstairs are discussed.The special case of accidental fall in the evacuation process of primary school students is simulated and analyzed.The simulations find that in an emergency,when students go downstairs spontaneously,if a student falls down at the slow step of the stair,which will have less impact on the overall evacuation time than that at the upper half of the stairs.When two students fall,the evacuation completion time will be doubled.When students go upstairs and downstairs spontaneously,if one student falls down at the upper half of the stairs,which will have a greater impact on the overall evacuation time than that at the slow step of the stairs.The impact of two students falling down at the upper half of the stairs and the slow step of the stairs on the overall evacuation time is similar to that of one student falling down at the upper half of the stairs.Finally,the full text is summarized and prospected.