Realization Of Natural Education Function Of Urban Comprehensive Parks

A series of psychological or behavioral problems caused by the separation of modern people from the natural environment are called nature-deficit disorder.Natural education,as a means of education,focuses on people’s direct experience in the real nature,establishes an effective connection between people and nature,and guides people to perceive themselves,pay attention to others,and then to the environment in nature,so as to solve the problem of nature-deficit disorder.At present,a large number of nature education activities are carried out in urban parks in China,and their forms are increasingly diverse,such as natural guided tours,natural games,naturalistic observation,natural meditation,natural art and so on.With the enhancement of public awareness of natural experience and the vigorous development of natural education industry,urban parks,as vital open spaces and green infrastructure in urban green land,not only carry recreational,aesthetic and fitness functions,but also meet the needs for public natural education.Therefore,it is of great significance to improve the natural education function of urban parks,provide suitable places for all kinds of natural education activities,and provide more accessible,directly perceived and experienced natural environment for modern people.At present,Chinese urban parks generally have the problem of lacking natural education function,which needs to be further improved in the aspects of biodiversity,naturalness of sites and facilities,accessibility and interactivity of landscape,and management and operation mode of parks.Based on the above issues,this paper analyzes relevant theories and typical cases at home and abroad by means of literature review and field research.Beijing Olympic Forest Park,as a representative natural education place in China,is worthy of being studied.This paper has conducted interviews and questionnaires with natural education experts and the public,investigated the natural education institutions and organizations that regularly conduct activities in Beijing Olympic Forest Park,and tracked and recorded typical natural education activities throughout the process.By analyzing the information of the participants,time,areas,routes and contents of the natural education activities in Beijing Olympic Forest Park,as well as the relationship between the activities and the sites,the advantages and disadvantages of the natural education base in Beijing Olympic Forest Park have been studied,and the characteristics of the nature education activity sites in the city park have been explored.Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)to build hierarchical structure model,according to the park landscape elements and natural education activities demand,this paper divides the part related to natural education in Beijing Olympic forest park into 7 rule layers — roads,plants,animals,water body,activity space,construction and interpretation system,to establish judgment matrix and weight calculation results.The natural education function of Beijing Olympic Forest Park is evaluated.In addition,this paper proposes six principles that should be followed to improve the natural education function of urban parks,namely,regional display,daily experience,interactive readability,sustainability,children’s needs,and extensive participation.At the same time,it puts forward the specific design strategies to realize the natural education function of urban parks,including zoning planning,ground design,path system,plant configuration,animal design,aquatic environment,loose materials,activity sites,interpretation system and landscape architecture.It is expected to provide new ideas for promoting the natural education function of urban parks in China.