The Effects Of Neighborhood Environment On Physical Activity In High-rise And High-density Residential Area

With the continuous growth of population and the aggravation of urbanization process,more human,capital,energy and material space elements flow into the city.For China,which is restricted by high population density and limited livable land,highdensity compact residential development mode has been widely existing in the central area of large and medium-sized cities in recent years,and will become the main direction of residential development in the future.However,the high-density urban space environment is easy to cause overcrowding,environmental quality decline and other problems.The contact between residents and green space environment is decreasing,and the lack of health activities leads to all kinds of diseases.Modern urban residents urgently need to improve the urban environment through planning and design,so as to promote the level of physical activity of residents.As the most common place for residents to engage in physical activities in their daily life,the neighborhood environment of high-rise high-density residential area is also the typical area where the common contradiction between density and health and livability is most concentrated,with opportunities and challenges coexisting.Therefore,this paper takes the neighborhood environment of high-rise and high-density residential areas and residents’ physical activity as the main research objects,and discusses the interaction and influence path between them.This paper studies the representative high-rise and high-density residential areas in China,combines the existing foreign research theories with the actual situation in China,and explores the differences of the impact mechanism under different built environment and cultural background,which has practical significance for improving the promotion effect of physical activity in residential areas in China: Based on the social ecological model,from the perspective of "individual,society and environment" ternary interaction,Considering the three dimensions of psychology and cognition,social environment and built environment,integrating the two levels of subjective perception environment and objective built environment,applying different research scales and measurement methods,this paper establishes a multi-source data fusion data set,and constructs a theoretical model of the impact mechanism of residential environment on physical activity.Taking the downtown area of Tianjin as a case,through the field survey and questionnaire survey of 37 high-rise and high-density residential areas and1558 effective residents,this paper reveals the interaction between multi-dimensional factors and commuting activities,life travel activities,leisure physical activities and the internal influence mechanism through quantitative analysis.The results are as follows: firstly,at the psychological and cognitive factors,selfefficacy is the psychological factor which can significantly promote the three physical activities,and the most significant for leisure activities.Pleasure is the second place that affects leisure activities,while intention has a significant effect on the medium and high intensity physical activities.Travel attitude is the most important psychological factor that affects the physical activity of traffic,and the perceived benefits are related to subjective environment.Secondly,in the social environment level: family and friends’ support will promote non motor vehicle commuting and living travel,while community organization and promotion of health and physical activities will affect life travel more.Community communication has a positive and significant impact on all kinds of physical activities.The more harmonious and more people interact,the higher the level of physical activity.The factors of social environment have the highest overall interpretation of life travel,followed by leisure physical activities and the least commute trips.In terms of subjective built-up environment perception: Based on the environmental characteristics of high-rise and high-density residential areas,the builtup environment perception measurement tool in accordance with the characteristics of the research object is constructed,and the internal and external dual perception environmental reports are obtained.The empirical results show that for leisure physical activity,the external perception factors are more explanatory than the internal perception factors.The significant factors are the environmental beauty and safety factor in the external environment,the street connectivity factor,the perception factor of external activity places and facilities.For life travel,the explanatory degree of internal built environment perception variables is far greater than that of external perception factors.This may be because there is a certain correlation between residents’ leisure physical activity and life travel.The significant factors include the internal factors of rest and activity,the external factors of perception of activity places and facilities.In terms of objective built-up environment: the distance between the community and the city center,the number of living service facilities in the five minute life circle have a negative correlation with residents’ non motor vehicle commuting activities,and a positive correlation with the density of road network in the community.The mixed degree of land use in the 15 minute life circle and the number of bus stops in the 10 minute life circle are positively correlated with the amount of non motor vehicle life travel activities.There is a reverse relationship between the proportion of architectural vision and the proportion of water area in the residential area and the amount of motor vehicle life travel activities.The positive correlation with leisure physical activity is the population density and road network density in the 5-minute life circle,the negative correlation is the architectural visual proportion in the residential area,and the quadratic curve relationship with the intersection density in the residential area.This paper uses structural equation model and mediating effect test to preliminarily verify the interaction relationship between psychology and cognition,social environment,subjective perception environment and objective measurement environment,and preliminarily reveals the relative importance and mutual relationship between multidimensional elements.In the multi-dimensional factor competition,some subjective built environment perception factors affect physical activity through psychological and cognitive factors / social environmental factors,social environmental factors affect physical activity through psychological and cognitive factors,and some objective built environment measurement factors affect physical activity through psychological factors and social environmental factors.The most significant influencing factors of social environment are external place and environment perception,while the biggest influencing factors of psychological and social cognition are external walking environment perception.Finally,based on the conclusion of the empirical study,from the perspective of promoting physical activity,this paper puts forward some design strategies from the meso to micro aspects of residential planning,and formulates corresponding optimization promotion strategies from planning guidance and design guidance.