Analysis Of The Causes And Countermeasures Of Highway Construction Safety Accidents

Since the reform and opening up of China,the total number of highway mileage is rising year by year,according to the Ministry of Transport data show that in 2021 2China’s highway construction mileage exceeded 150,000 kilometers,to the "14th Five-Year" period,reached 155,000 kilometers,the total mileage of traffic over other developed countries,becoming the world’s first.With the increase of investment scale and construction risk,China’s highway construction safety accident rate and the number of fatalities are also on the rise,while the highway project has many points,long lines and extensive construction areas,which leads to frequent safety accidents.In this paper,we study various safety accident models,analyze the road construction accidents that have already occurred,and extensively draw on the research and theories on the causes of safety accidents at home and abroad to explore the model of safety accidents in the process of road construction and consider the means of prevention.Firstly,this thesis elaborates on the current situation of the use and development of existing theoretical models of safety accident causation,compares and analyzes the application characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of different models,and comes up with the most suitable accident causation theoretical model for the analysis of the safety characteristics of highway construction,so as to pave the way for the accident causation analysis afterwards.Then we collected and analyzed 102 highway construction accidents that occurred during the construction process of highway construction by analyzing and studying the investigation reports,statistical accident occurrence characteristics of time domain,part characteristics and accident types,levels and other characteristics.Based on the accident data,the distribution characteristics of accidents involving highway construction safety were analyzed from time,accident type,geographical attributes,accident severity,and other aspects based on mathematical and statistical methods,and the main accident types that are relatively easy to occur in the process of highway construction safety management can be summarized as the following: collapse accidents,object striking accidents,fall from height accidents,vehicle injury accidents etc.The distribution law of road construction safety accidents is mastered.After that,using the "4M1E" accident causation model screened out above,five types and three levels of accident causation factors are summarized from five aspects: human,machine,material,method and environment.Then,we use the gray correlation analysis to calculate the correlation between the accident causative factors in terms of accident type,accident type and accident site,and find out the key causative factors that lead to the problem by ranking the correlation degree,and give appropriate prevention suggestions and preventive measures.In this paper,through a large number of accident causation models,the accident causation model suitable for highway engineering accidents is selected,and at the same time,the accident investigation reports are collected on a large scale,and the causes of accidents are summarized through mathematical analysis in conjunction with the actual engineering practice,and the gray correlation is used to calculate the correlation coefficient to find out the degree of influence of causative factors in different situations,so that suggestions and preventive measures can be given positively and better for The report is used to find out the degree of influence of the causative factors in different situations,to give positive suggestions and preventive measures,and to put forward management reference countermeasures and opinions for better safety prevention of road engineering accidents.