| Manchu culture is an important part of the Chinese national culture,but due to the rapid development of society,many Manchu cultures have gradually lost with the tide of the times.In order to better inherit and develop the traditional Manchu culture,this study is based on the four types of villages that Manchu villages experienced in the process of development:embryonic stage,formation stage,mature stage and modern Manchu villages.Combining with the historical period,it is divided into four stages of evolution from Liaojin to early Ming,from mid-Ming to early Qing,from mid-Qing to before the founding of New China,and after the founding of New China.By analyzing the evolution of architectural landscape,road landscape,agricultural landscape and natural landscape in the evolution stage,the evolution process of Manchu village landscape is shown,and the influencing factors of Manchu village landscape evolution are explored.After summarizing and analyzing,the following conclusions are drawn:During the evolution of the architectural landscape of Manchu villages,the architectural forms of Manchu villages in four stages have experienced the evolution process of nest dwellings and cave dwellings,cellars,mud-thatched houses,brick houses and new brick houses,respectively.In this process,the types of building materials are becoming more and more abundant,the durability of the selected materials is getting higher and higher,and the processing methods of the same materials at different evolution stages are more refined.In terms of supporting facilities,practical supporting facilities such as living type,storage type and agricultural type are increasing with the evolution of Manchu villages.During the evolution of the road landscape in Manchu villages,the size of the roads in the villages became larger and larger as the evolution progressed,and the pavement of the roads showed an evolution process from scratch.For the paving of roads,there are no more suitable materials for paving roads until modern times,which makes the road more tidy and beautiful.The road system has become more and more perfect with the advancement of evolution.It has evolved from a non-road system in early Manchu villages to a simple road system with simple structure and single function.Then it evolved into a complex road network,which meets the needs of the continuously expanding village scale.During the evolution of the agricultural landscape of Manchu villages,through the types and quantities of crops,farming policies in different periods and evolving farming methods,the agricultural landscape area of Manchu villages has been continuously expanded,the landscape richness has been continuously improved,and it has a longer viewing time.It presents an evolution from scratch to refinement.During the evolution of the natural landscape of Manchu villages,the natural landscape outside the village was affected by the migration of Manchus,and the natural landscape around the village presented in different periods was different,which was related to the topography and natural conditions of its geographical location.As far as the interior of the village is concerned,the overall natural landscape within the village,including vegetation and water bodies,has evolved from an irregular state of natural forms to a regular state of artificial care.The influencing factors of landscape evolution are reflected in:First,natural factors.Affected by the topography,hydrology and climate in Liaoning,it has a great impact on the Manchu village landscape and agricultural landscape.Second,social factors have a greater impact on the architectural landscape,agricultural landscape and road landscape of the village in terms of historical background,social system and implementation policies in different periods.Third,the ideological factor.From the three aspects of national thought,scientific thought and aesthetic thought,it has a great influence on the traditional architectural landscape,road landscape,agricultural landscape of Manchu villages,as well as the decoration and shape of buildings reflecting Manchu traditional culture. |
