Spatial Environment Evaluation And Optimization Strategy Of Healthy Blocks In Post-epidemic Context

The rapid development of cities has brought challenges to human health.The impact of built environment on residents’ health has shifted from the perspective of chronic diseases to the perspective of emergent public health measures.The epidemic has reduced the time and space for residents to travel,making the neighborhood a daily activity area for residents.The research of healthy block in China is in its infancy,and the evaluation system and construction are not perfect yet.Based on this background,this paper explores the spatial environment evaluation and renewal optimization of healthy blocks.First of all,through the origin of healthy blocks,domestic and foreign literature review related to the built environment and health of blocks,and combined with the existing domestic and foreign healthy block evaluation system and guidelines involved in the block scale health performance index,and then selected the built environment factors affecting the health level of blocks.Then,combined with the thinking of the epidemic on block construction and the impact on residents’ behavior,it is proposed that the spatial planning dimension of healthy blocks in the post-epidemic context consists of four dimensions: spatial layout,traffic travel,public services and living environment,and is constructed for the purpose of promoting physical activity.An interactive model of built-up environment elements and residents’ health in the post-epidemic context.Secondly,after the principle of index selection is defined,the evaluation index system is preliminarily constructed based on policy documents,academic literature and news media data by using qualitative analysis method,and then the index is revised by means of expert questionnaire.Finally,an evaluation index system of healthy neighbourhoods under the post-epidemic background was constructed,which took four dimensions of healthy travel,health service,health layout and healthy environment as first-level indicators,including 10 second-level indicators and 25third-level indicators,and the weight of indicators was determined through analytic hierarchy process.Then,this evaluation system is used to evaluate the built environment of blocks in Dongba Township,Chaoyang District,Beijing from ten aspects of residential environment,green environment,road connectivity,street quality,slow traffic,public transportation,public service facilities,other facilities,land use and open space.It is found that the neighborhoods with higher health level have the spatial characteristics of accessible road network system,perfect public service supporting system and better greening level.On the other hand,the streets with low health level have the disadvantages of single land use,incoherent road network and low green level.Finally,it is proposed that the block should be based on the population of residents in terms of planning and design,to define block safety management units,to divide safety units with healthy green paths,and to set up blank spaces to deal with public health emergencies.Roads,advocating a slow-moving system,and building a traffic micro-circulation system;at the landscape design level,a safe distance should be defined,a block public space that meets social distance should be created,green space should be flexibly used,and a site-type open space should be constructed;public service facilities should be sound and safe.A built environment update strategy for facilities,improving the mix of public service facilities,and guiding block service facilities to be combined with epidemic control.