Evaluation And Improvement Of Operating Efficiency Of Automobile Manufacturing Enterprises Based On DEA

Manufacturing industry is the main body of China’s national economy,the foundation of building a country,the tool of national development and the foundation of a strong country.The world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century,with a new round of scientific and industrial revolution gaining momentum and the far-reaching impact of the COVID-19 pandemic,making the revitalization of the real economy all the more important.As one of the important manufacturing industries with high technological content and industrial concentration,automobile manufacturing industry has a very dense upstream and downstream industry chain,which has strong functions of absorbing labor and employment,driving the consumer market and promoting economic development.The establishment of China’s "carbon peak,carbon neutrality",the "double carbon" goal and the implementation of relevant measures have brought challenges to the traditional fuel vehicles,but also brought new opportunities for the development of new energy vehicles.Therefore,it is of great significance to continuously improve the operating efficiency of automobile manufacturing enterprises to promote China’s economic development.In recent years,the car manufacturing business performance evaluation of related research is more,although evaluation method is very rich,but are often limited to enterprise itself the longitudinal comparison,that is often compared with the history of enterprise operating performance,seldom take the enterprise put in industry development trend of dynamic,compared with the same industry companies,unable to evaluate the change of the enterprise management efficiency in the agreed upon period of time,Nor does it provide clear guidance on how to improve.Although some benchmarking methods can provide guidance for enterprises,they are limited to the evaluated groups and ignore the efficiency changes of benchmarking during the continuous operation period,failing to provide a general method and benchmarking for the evaluation of enterprises in a certain industry.On the basis of previous studies,this paper constructed an evaluation index system and analysis framework suitable for the purpose of this study.Two basic models of first using DEA method(BCC model and CCR model)of our country main business for the manufacture and sale of 21 automotive manufacturing performance evaluation of listed companies,respectively calculates the comprehensive technical efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency,for nearly five years operating performance of static analysis,evaluation of the effectiveness of enterprise management,Dea-malmquist index was used to decompose the comprehensive technical efficiency of the industry,and the pure technical efficiency change index,scale efficiency change index and technological progress index of automobile manufacturing enterprises were calculated to achieve the evaluation of dynamic efficiency.Secondly,through the above analysis,the effective DEA decision units for five consecutive years can be selected,and the enterprises with poor performance in Malmquist index can be eliminated,and the benchmark enterprises or benchmark enterprises group of listed companies in this industry can be obtained.Finally,the benchmarking of listed companies in the automobile manufacturing industry is extended to the whole industry,and the benchmarking analysis is carried out between non-listed automobile manufacturing companies and benchmarking companies,which belong to the same category as benchmarking companies,and suggestions are put forward for the qualitative and quantitative improvement of the operating efficiency of nonlisted companies.After analysis,this paper draws the following conclusions: First,the overall operating efficiency of listed companies in China’s automobile manufacturing industry is low,and sinotruk has the highest comprehensive technical efficiency;Second,in terms of the overall development of China’s automobile manufacturing industry from 2016 to 2020,the overall operating efficiency of the 21 sample enterprises is in a state of fluctuation and decline,because of the fluctuation of pure technical efficiency value,and nearly half of the enterprises are in a state of increasing returns to scale.Third,the sample companies during the study period the average total factor productivity index is slightly greater than 1,with the progress of technology and innovation,automobile enterprise’s production and operation efficiency to achieve improved to a certain extent,but the years of change is bigger,and the efficiency of the three values during the study period is not stable,still need to further improve the production of the enterprise management level,Fourthly,under the evaluation index system constructed in this paper,sinotruk and Hamma Science and Technology can be regarded as the benchmark enterprise group in the industry because their operations are DEA effective during 2016-2020.Non-dea effective listed and non-listed enterprises in the same industry can be benchmarked with the benchmark enterprise group for benchmarking analysis to identify the needs for improvement.