| After more than 20 years’ s rapid development,the construction of campus of Chinese universities has stepped into a new stage of development-from quantity to quality,from appearance to connotation.In the process of "changing,expanding,merging and transforming",the campus presents new problems: insufficient space,aging facilities,inability to meet new needs,and difficulty in coordinating the relationship between the school and the city.How to make the existing campus space adapt to the changing development needs of future universities and build a sustainable campus has become an important challenge facing the current campus planning in China.In Japan,national universities,which are directly established with full state funding have gradually established a relatively systematic campus planning and design system in the past20 years,including policy system construction,organization,process formulation,management and operation,planning guidelines and planning content compilation,etc.It responds to the development needs of the times and society with flexible strategies and methods,and better balances the contradiction between the stability and development of university campuses.This experience have important inspiration and can be a good lesson for the construction of Chinese universities under the background of social problems such as aging and declining birthrate,as well as the implementation of national policies such as industry-university-research collaboration.Therefore,this study collates and analyzes the case documents of 18 national universities in Japan,combining with field investigation,taking the overall campus planning and design system as the research object,clarifing the motivation process of its occurrence and evolution,analyzing its main organizations,formulation process,operation mode,guiding principles and planning and design methods.Through a detailed interpretation of typical cases,this paper analyzes and studies how the overall campus planning and design system of Japanese national universities adapts to the needs of the times and society with flexible framework strategies and methods to guide the implementation of campus planning,and summarizes the experience that can be used for reference or helpful for the planning and construction of Chinese university campuses.The main contents of this study include three parts:The first part(Chapter 1 and Chapter 2): It discusses the concept and characteristics of the overall campus planning and design system of Japanese national universities,and summarizes the different historical development of Japan’s national education policy and the overall campus planning and design.It also analyzes historical background and the remarkable feature of "flexible adaptation".The second part(Chapter 3 to Chapter 5): Based on many cases of Japanese national university campuses,this part comprehensively analyzes the contents of the overall planning and design system of Japanese national university campuses,and interprets the flexible and adaptive overall planning and design system of Japanese national universities,focusing on the analysis of its flexible and adaptive characteristics.From the background of the adaptive master planning and design system,and the five parts of the National University of Japan’s "administrative management system","organizational mechanism","formulation process","operation management" and "compilation content",the research object is systematically elaborated,focusing on the flexible adaptive planning and design method.In addition,this paper selects two representative cases from many cases: Kagoshima University,a small-scale redevelopment campus,and Hokkaido University,a large-scale redevelopment campus,to analyze and compare the campus planning and design systems and flexible adaptive planning methods of the two schools.And it also uses typical cases to confirm the internal logic of flexible adaptation of the whole system.Part III(Chapter VI): According to the present situation of campus planning in China,the existing problems,and the relevant experience of Japanese national universities,this part puts forward 12 principles and methods for reference in the aspects of the change of campus construction concept,specialization,the design of campus planning institutions with deep participation in the whole process,the adjustment of campus planning process,the optimization of campus planning management and operation mode,and the reference of planning and design methods.As the overall campus planning and design system based on flexible adaptation is still in the preliminary research stage in China,we can gain rich experience and become confident to deal with the uncertainty of the future development of Chinese university campuses by the investigation,analysis and comparison of the overall campus planning cases of Japanese national universities.Through the construction of a systematic and overall planning and design system,we can solve the problems of campus planning and flexible adaptation with a flexible and pragmatic attitude and promote the sustainable development of campuses. |
