| The opening of the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway in 1908 was a challenge as well as an opportunity for the people who lived in the south of the Yangtze river,The speed and scale of the flow of goods and people along the railway routes had greatly improved by the new transportation,and the economic interaction between different regions became more and more frequent.In the perspective of economic globalization,this article uses Marx’s social development theory as a guide to discuss the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway from 1908 to 1937 in terms of the urban and rural economy along the main traffic line,the development of domestic and foreign trade markets,population mobility,and the deployment of rural labor force.The impact of traffic on rural areas along the route.The full text is divided into four parts.The first chapter focuses on the preparation of the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway and the evolution of the modern Jiangsu traffic pattern.Discussing the traditional Jiangsu traffic pattern since the Ming and Qing Dynasties,which was dominated by water transportation,supplemented by road,and all drived by man and animal power.And the preparation process of the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway from the late Qing Dynasty to the early Republic times and its impact on the entire Jiangsu traffic pattern.Natural geographical conditions have shaped such phenomenon: there are many rivers in the south of Jiangsu,transportation routes are sparse,so the water transportation is the mainstay;But northern area has few rivers and dense traffic routes,The Shanghai-Nanjing Railway runs through the counties in the northern part of the Taihu Lake Basin,connecting Shanghai,Nanjing,Suzhou,Zhenjiang,and Changzhou.Thus,the inland river transportation in these areas has been affected to varying degrees by the railway.At the same time,the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway brings about the changes in the social and economic outlook of the rural and urban areas surrounding the railway.In the renewal of traditional water transportation and new transportation,the transportation pattern of Jiangsu has been upgraded.The second chapter discusses the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway’s freight and the domestic trade market.Based on the freight situation of Shanghai-Nanjing Railway from 1908 to 1937,as well as the advantages of fast speed,low freight rate,stable transportation,long mileage and wide transportation range,the railway’s opening has further expanded the urban and rural trade market.The soil goods along the rural areas are transported to the cities via railways.Agricultural products are no longer self-sufficient,but gradually develop towards commercialization.Based on this situation,it forms a prosperous phenomenon of goods distribution centers represented by Shanghai,Wuxi and other places.The demand for agricultural products in the city has also made it possible to specialize in rural production.The agricultural cultivation has evolved from the original food crops to cash crops,the rural industrial structure has changed gradually.In this interaction between rural agricultural plantation and urban re-exports,the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway is an important medium,and has brought the increasingly active domestic trade market.The third chapter focuses on the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway and foreign markets in the context of economic globalization.The passage of the railway has expanded the domestic market for urban-rural trade,it has also integrated the urban-rural economy into the world economic system.The close cooperation between the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway Bureau and the customs,enabled the import of foreign goods to stimulate the development of the modern machine industry in the areas along the route,and the export of local goods has expanded the overseas trade market.Driven by economic globalization,Jianghai Customs,Suzhou Customs,Zhenjiang Customs,and Jinling Customs along the railway line have developed inter-modal transshipment;the re-export foreign trade centered on Jiang Customs transports the soil goods along the Shanghai-Nanjing route to foreign countries,the overseas trade market is becoming more and more active.What is more noteworthy is that,unlike other regions that have suffered the decline of traditional handicraft products due to the import of foreign goods and dumping of foreign goods,the import of foreign goods has brought advanced industrial civilization to the areas along the Shanghai-Nanjing line.And leading to the emergence of emerging industrial and commercial cities represented by Wuxi and Suzhou.The high income of urban factories has attracted a group of rural farmers to work in the cities.Under the background of the rural crisis in the 1920 s and 1930 s,people along the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway have a better chance to live.The fourth chapter focuses on the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway and the changes of rural occupations.Discussing the relevant functions of the railway,which is based on Marx’s theory of human development,population mobility and labor deployment,At the beginning of the railway’s opening,it had an impact on the shipping industry in the Yangtze River Basin;and the intermodal transportation with the roads along the cities connected the "vacuum zone" between the city and the countryside.Farmers left the village and entered the city,large-scale population mobility becomes normal.The deployment of the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway to the urban and rural labor force was unprecedented by the previous modes of transportation.Whether it was employees of the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway Bureau or railway station workers,most of them came from towns and villages along the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway.In this process,the rural labor force is gradually liberated,the labor force is transferred to industry,the solidification of the social class is broken,and the rural social and economic changes can be realized.1908-1937 was a period of rapid and fierce changes in Chinese history.The import of modern industrial civilization led to the nationwide railway construction in the early 20 th century.As one of the most important railway lines in the Jiangnan region,the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway is widely connected with many factors in the regional society:modern industry,agricultural products transportation,foreign goods,and farmers leaving the village...It is a basic economic and social tool in the Jiangnan region A basic unit of economic life,with good policy support and natural advantages of geographical location,has brought far-reaching and lasting significance to the social changes of the villages along the route. |
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