| Port efficiency is an indicator to measure the efficiency of port resource allocation,which is not only the focus of port enterprises,but also one of the research hotspots in the field of port.The construction of the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road" is an important platform for China to optimize the allocation of resources,enhance trade with other countries and win new development opportunities.It also puts forward higher requirements for the development of ports.With the development of the integration of global economy and trade,the cargo throughput and container throughput of the port have increased significantly,which brings the problems of excessive resource input and high pollution to the port.Modern ports should not only assume the basic functions of traditional ports,but also put environmental protection in an important position.In recent years,China has issued a series of policies related to port energy conservation and emission reduction,including "Green port Grade Evaluation Standards","Guidance on promoting port transformation and upgrading",which all proposed to improve the green and safe port service system,promote the port to green,low carbon,intelligent development.Therefore,it is of great significance to evaluate the efficiency of major coastal ports from the perspective of considering carbon emissions.In this context,this paper takes the number of berths,length of wharves and the number of berths above 10,000 tons as input indicators,cargo throughput and container throughput as output indicators,and port carbon emission as non-expected output.Data of 14 Chinese coastal ports from 2013 to 2020 are selected as the basis.The static and dynamic efficiency of ports are measured and analyzed by using the three-stage superefficiency SBM model and GML index model considering the undesired output.The results show that under the same conditions,the port efficiency considering carbon emission is significantly lower than that without considering carbon emission.According to the port cargo throughput and port efficiency matrix,the ports can be divided into four types: strong,lean,fat and weak.The efficiency of port groups in Yangtze River Delta is the highest,southeast coastal areas is the lowest.From 2013 to 2020,total factor productivity of major coastal ports increased steadily,mainly driven by technological progress.Based on the research results,this paper promotes the construction and development of low carbon or green ports and realizes the coordinated development of port economic efficiency and environmental benefits from improving port environmental monitoring and management system,strengthening port operation organization management,deepening green cooperation with the "Belt and Road" related countries,playing the leading role of big port and promoting multi-port co-development,etc. |
