Study On The Competitive Decision-making Between Harbour And Inland Port Under Carbon Constraint Policy

With the "Belt and Road" strategy proposed and implemented,the development of an export-oriented economy,the throughput of sea ports has increased dramatically year by year,and sea ports have become important nodes in the international transportation network.In order to improve the competitiveness of the seaport,it extends to the inland hinterland to obtain more goods.Therefore,the competition between the seaport and the inland port is getting worse day by day.The vicious competition causes waste of resources,environmental pollution of the coast and hinterland and restricts economic development.Therefore,the study on how to adjust the competition and cooperation between seaports and inland ports can avoid the disorderly competition between ports in the region.At the same time,the application of carbon emission policy in the competition and cooperation relationship can reduce the energy consumption between ports and reduce pollution,which is also of important practical significance for the development of green transportation.This paper builds on the Starkberg model to establish a model of inland ports and seaports,then analyzes the impact of competition and cooperation between seaports and inland ports on profit,freight volume,price,carbon emissions and government subsidies by discussing carbon cap-and-trade policy and carbon tax policy respectively.From the point of view of port managers to maximize profits to provide port management advice.From the point of view of government managers to policy making and low-carbon monitoring to provide decision-making advice.Combined with the operation of CR Express and the division of inland port group,this paper analyzes six groups of inland port-seaport from three perspectives of the shortest transportation time,the least carbon emission and the least transportation cost.According to the actual situation,choosing the optimal transportation scheme among the following three schemes:(1)CR Express service through inland ports;(2)sea transportation through seaports;(3)inland-sea cooperative transportation.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: Regarding port competition and cooperation:(1)Under the competitive scenario of the carbon cap-and-trade policy,carbon quota are positively related to the profits of the two ports,the unit carbon trading price is on the contray.Under the cooperation scenario,the unit carbon transaction price is negatively correlated with the profits of the two ports,while the carbon quota is positively correlated.(2)Under the competitive scenario of carbon tax policy,as the carbon tax rate increases,the profit of the seaport decreases and the profit of the inland ports increases.Under the cooperation scenario,the carbon tax rate is negatively related to the profits of the two ports.(3)In both scenarios,the carbon emission coefficient of inland ports is positively related to seaports and negatively related to inland ports.About the carbon emission policy :(1)The carbon emission amount under the carbon tax policy is less than that under the carbon cap-and-trade policy;(2)The carbon emission cost under the carbon tax policy is greater than that under the carbon cap-and-trade policy;(3)Carbon tax policy has a greater binding force on carbon emission reduction than the carbon cap-and-trade policy.About the port transportation of CR Express:For port managers,with the goal of maximizing profit as a transportation goal,seaports tend to cooperate and inland ports tend to compete.With the shortest time and the least carbon emissions as the transportation goals,the optimal choice is an inland port.The inland port is used as the starting point to dock with CR Express container trains for international cargo transportation.With the lowest transportation cost as the transportation target,the optimal choice is the transportation mode of cooperation between land and sea ports,while the transportation cost of inland ports is the highest.Therefore,the construction of inland ports and CR Express and the promotion of cooperation between inland ports and sea ports are the key to promoting foreign trade.