Preparation And Characteristic Analysis Of Compound Dust Suppressant For Open-pit Limestone Mine

With the increasing scale of mining mineral resources,the amount of dust emitted from various processes is increasing,accelerating mechanical wear and tear,endangering the health of operators,and greatly affecting the ecological environment around the mine.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out targeted and effective prevention and control of mine dust.Taking road dust from open-pit limestone mines as the research object,based on the requirements for mine dust control and the results of dust physical and chemical properties measurement,the requirements for the selection of raw materials for composite dust suppressants are proposed:selecting natural polymer materials with cross-linked network and complex structure as the binder,anionic or nonionic surfactants as the wetting agent,and electrically conductive strong electrolytes as the water retaining and hygroscopic agent.Using natural guar gum and xanthan gum as modified raw materials,GG-XG-g-PAM polymer was synthesized by solution polymerization based on graft copolymerization molecular modification technology,and a composite environmental dust suppressant was prepared by adding wetting agent and hygroscopic agent.Using single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments,the effects of the preparation process of dust suppressants on their adhesion,wettability,and hygroscopicity were studied.The optimal synthesis conditions for composite dust suppressants were determined as follows: the mass of guar gum and xanthan gum was 1:1,the amount of acrylamide was 0.3wt%,the amount of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate was 0.4wt%,the amount of sodium silicate was12.5wt%,the amount of initiator and crosslinking agent was 0.025wt%,and the reaction temperature was 60℃ The polymerization time is 2h,and the prepared dust suppressant has moderate viscosity,good wetting effect,and strong moisture absorption ability.Characterization analysis,physical and chemical properties,and dust suppressio n performance tests were conducted on the prepared composite dust suppressant.The experimental results showed that the desired modified product GG-XG-g-PA M was generated through the reaction;Composite dust suppressants have a porou s structure that can form a tight protective structure with dust;The dust suppress ant has high thermal oxidation stability,good wind erosion resistance,vibration r esistance,compressive strength,and evaporation resistance.It has a dust suppressi on efficiency of 95.50% for TSP,and is environmentally friendly and non-toxic.To sum up,this article provides a composite dust suppressant with the effects of adhesion,wetting,and moisture absorption,which provides a new approach for the prevention and control of road dust in limestone mines.