Study On Driving Factors Of Carbon Emission And Emission Efficiency Of Pig Breeding Industry In China

Under the constraint of "double carbon" and the requirement of high-quality agricultural development,aquaculture,as the department with the largest greenhouse gas emission in agriculture,has attracted much attention.Pig farming and pork consumption have a long history in China.As the main source of animal protein,pig farming plays an important role in China’s agricultural development and even the national economy.The research on the driving factors of carbon emission and emission efficiency of pig breeding industry in China is a necessary prerequisite to explore how pig breeding industry,as an important part of agriculture,can make substantial contributions to the action to deal with climate problems,and at the same time promote the low-carbon sustainable development of pig breeding industry,promote the low-carbon process of agriculture in China and promote the high-quality development of agriculture in China.In this study,the life cycle assessment method was used to divide the pig breeding industry into six parts: feed grain planting,manure management system,pig intestinal fermentation,energy consumption in feeding,feed transportation and pork slaughtering.The carbon emissions of pig breeding industry in China from 2011 to 2020 were calculated,and the extended Kaya identity was constructed.The LMDI model was used to analyze the effects of production efficiency,agricultural economic development,production structure and agricultural labor factors on the carbon emissions of pig breeding industry,and the carbon emissions of pig breeding industry were constructed.The research shows that:(1)In terms of the total amount,the carbon emissions of pig breeding industry in China generally fluctuated and declined,from 193,915,300 tons to 160,313,900 tons.In terms of intensity,the carbon emission intensity also showed a downward trend,from 1.50tons/ten thousand yuan to 0.72 tons/ten thousand yuan.Structurally,pig feed grain planting and manure management system are the most important sources of carbon emissions in pig breeding industry,accounting for about 90%.In terms of regional distribution,there are obvious differences among provinces,and the spatial distribution shows obvious clustering characteristics.The annual carbon emissions of most provinces and cities are distributed in the range of 1 million to 5 million tons and 5 million to 10 million tons,and Beijing,Shanghai,Tibet,Qinghai and Ningxia have the lowest emissions,all below 1 million tons;The top ten provinces and cities in the proportion of emissions are: Sichuan,Henan,Hunan,Shandong,Hubei,Guangdong,Yunnan,Hebei,Guangxi and Jiangxi.(2)Agricultural economic development factors provide a positive driving force for carbon emission of pig breeding industry in China.During the inspection period,the carbon emissions caused by agricultural economic development increased by 192.6586 million tons,while the factors of production efficiency,production structure and agricultural labor force all provided negative driving forces,and the carbon emissions caused by the past decade decreased by 226.26 million tons.In particular,the production efficiency factor is the most important contributor to carbon emission reduction in pig breeding industry.During the inspection period,the cumulative contribution of emission reduction was 136.529 million tons,accounting for 60.34%.(3)According to China’s four economic regions,Jilin and Heilongjiang in Northeast China have higher economic efficiency of carbon emission from pig farming,while Liaoning Province has a lower and declining trend,and the overall production efficiency is higher,but it shows a fluctuating downward trend;The internal differences of economic efficiency in the eastern region are obvious.The economic efficiency in Beijing,Tianjin and Shanghai is low and the production efficiency fluctuates greatly.Except for Jiangxi province,the central region has higher overall economic efficiency and higher overall production efficiency;The overall economic efficiency of carbon emission from pig farming in the western region is low,but the economic efficiency of Chongqing,Sichuan and Ningxia has been on the rise in recent years.Except for Guizhou and Yunnan,the overall production efficiency is low.In order to promote the low-carbon development of pig breeding industry in China,the main policy implications of the study include:(1)Give full play to regional advantages,implement differentiated development strategies,give full play to the advantages of feed resources,production base,market competition and product processing in various regions,and promote the two-way flow of regional advantages.(2)Establish a scientific policy system and improve the economic incentive mechanism,establish special funds for low-carbon development of pig breeding industry,and improve the supervision,emission limitation and assessment mechanism of pig breeding pollution.(3)Optimize pig breeding mode and improve emission reduction technology system,promote large-scale and intensive pig breeding efficiency,carry out low-carbon model pilot,give play to the role of regional radiation,and optimize the six-link technology system.(4)Strengthen guidance training and publicity to form low-carbon awareness and behavior,enhance the low-carbon awareness of pig farmers,improve the quality of producers,fully publicize and guide,and form a low-carbon consumption market orientation.