Passenger Evacuation Path Planning At Subway Stations Under Multiple Scenarios

With the advantages of high efficiency,large capacity,low pollution,and punctual arrival,more and more passengers are choosing subway as one of the main travel modes.As an important component node in the subway system,subway stations have dense passenger flow and complex passenger flow organization flow lines.In the event of natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes,or man-made disasters such as fires,terrorist attacks,and explosions,the degree of injury and death of passengers in the station during evacuation can be catastrophic.Combining the special behavior characteristics of passengers under emergencies and the dynamic diffusion theory of hazard sources,the formulation of scientific and reasonable evacuation path strategies is of great significance for timely and effective evacuation of dense passenger flow from the station.This paper models and simulates the optimization of passenger evacuation paths in the passenger clearance and fire scenarios based on the pedestrian motion model,and discusses and analyzes the dynamic characteristics and optimization effects of passenger evacuation in multiple scenarios.(1)A subway station passenger evacuation path planning model based on stochastic user equilibrium model is established for emergency passenger clearance scenarios.With the aid of the idea of vehicle flow equilibrium allocation in road traffic networks,and taking into account the impact of passenger congestion and route familiarity on evacuation efficiency,a Fisk stochastic user equilibrium model based on passenger congestion is established to optimize passenger evacuation routes.The rationality of the social force model and the minimum cost model is verified by comparing simulation results and actual data.Simulation experiments are conducted to compare the evacuation efficiency of passenger flow within the station under the stochastic user equilibrium model and the minimum cost model,the evacuation results of facilities,equipment,and entrances under normal conditions are analyzed,and the impact of escalator suspension and temporary closure of some entrances and exits on evacuation efficiency is studied.This path planning method fully utilizes the advantages of stochastic user equilibrium models in passenger flow equilibrium allocation,which can avoid bottleneck areas and dangerous situations in the evacuation process in advance,while significantly improving the evacuation efficiency of passengers in the station.(2)A multi-objective robust optimization based passenger evacuation path planning model for subway stations is established for fire scenarios.Considering the uncertainty of passenger evacuation time and path risk in subway stations affected by multiple hazards under fire,a multi-objective robust optimization model for passenger evacuation paths is established by introducing robust optimization methods and combining multi-objective optimization methods to reasonably formulate evacuation routes.The rationality of the Steering model is verified by comparing simulation results and actual data.The proposed multi-objective robust optimization model for passenger evacuation paths is applied to the built passenger evacuation system in the station under fire scenarios.The relationship between the objective function values under different weight values,and the fire spread and path availability are studied.Moreover,a robustness analysis of the subway evacuation network is performed.The constructed model fully considers the particularity of fire events and the uncertainty of their impact,providing a path planning scheme for passenger evacuation within the station,which can improve the efficiency and safety of the subway evacuation system.