Simulation Study Of Fire Evacuation In Railway Passenger Station

Railway transportation has the characteristics of safety,economy,convenience and large transportation capacity,and is the backbone of China's comprehensive transportation system.At the same time,with the significant increase of railway passenger transport scale and the significant expansion of passenger dedicated line construction scale,the number of large and extra-large railway passenger stations has increased significantly.However,due to the high degree of integration,scale,internal closure and passenger aggregation of railway passenger stations,once fire accident occurs in the station,if there is no effective emergency evacuation plan to evacuate a large number of passengers safely in a short time,it is easy to cause confusion and a stampede,thereby endangering passengers' lives and property.Based on the research status of emergency evacuation at home and abroad,this paper analyzed the reasons of railway passenger fires,difficulty of evacuation,evacuation of psychological and behavioral characteristics.The influence of personnel characteristics,fire products and building structure of railway passenger station on evacuation process and evacuation result of railway passenger station in case of fire was summarized.Considering the required safe evacuation time and available safe evacuation time,the calculation model of thermal radiation intensity,flue gas temperature,CO concentration and visibility reaching the crowd bearing limit was established,and the calculation model of CO concentration was improved.Meanwhile,considering the effect of crowd psychology and fire radiation on evacuation,the Social Force Model was improved.According to the fire emergency safety evacuation theory,the termination conditions of evacuation were set.Simulation experiments of setting fire situation and evacuation plan in Dalian station elevated waiting hall were conducted by using Anylogic software.The simulation experiments can explore the influence of the initial number of people in the station,the open number and location of evacuation exits,the crowd psychology of evacuees,and fire heat radiation on evacuation.Finally,the paper analyzed the bottleneck of evacuation,and based on this,put forward an optimization scheme to improve evacuation capacity and verified the optimization effect.Through the analysis of the evacuation experiment and its results,the conclusions were drawn:Evacuation time decreases with the increase of the initial number of people in the station and the decrease of the number of evacuation exits.When the herd coefficient is between 0.0 and 0.3,the passenger evacuation movement time shows a fluctuating trend,and the minimum value is obtained when the herd coefficient is 0.2.When the herd coefficient is bigger than 0.3,the evacuation movement time increases significantly with the increase of the crowd coefficient.The heat radiation of fire can stimulate the evacuation of personnel and reduce the time of evacuation movement.Diversion of personnel in bottleneck area can significantly improve the evacuation capacity of railway passenger station.The research results of this paper will provide some reference for the scientific formulation of emergency evacuation plan of railway passenger station,and have a positive impact on eliminating the bottleneck of evacuation and improving evacuation ability.