| The Yellow River Basin is an important barrier for ecological security in China and an important window for achieving high-quality development in the basin,and its strategic position is very significant.In recent years,due to climate change and human activities,the Yellow River basin is facing serious ecological environment problems,and the ecological service functions such as water connotation and soil conservation have significantly decreased.How to accurately evaluate and predict the ecological service functions of the Yellow River Basin and propose adaptive optimization and adjustment plans has become the main challenge that restricts the ecological governance and restoration of the basin.Based on this,this study analyzed the ecological evolution of the Yellow River basin in the past 40 years using remote sensing data and ground observation data;combined with the InVEST model,we evaluated the trends of water-supporting function,soil conservation function,carbon storage function and habitat quality in the Yellow River basin,and identified the dominant drivers affecting the ecosystem service function using geographic probes;finally,we proposed a suitable landscape pattern for the Yellow River basin based on the least resistance model.A landscape pattern optimization scheme based on the minimum resistance model was proposed for the Yellow River basin.The main findings of this study are as follows:(1)The Yellow River basin shows a significant increasing trend in precipitation,a nonsignificant increasing trend in evapotranspiration,a significant increasing trend in vegetation NDVI index,and a significant decreasing trend in runoff from 1980 to 2020,with an abrupt change around 2000.The sudden change of runoff in the Yellow River basin is closely related to the soil and water conservation measures implemented in the basin in the past 40 years,and the area of all kinds of soil and water conservation measures,mainly terraces,silt dams and soil and water conservation forests and grasses,showed an exponential growth trend.(2)Grassland,forest land and arable land are the main land use types in the Yellow River Basin,accounting for 86% of the total area of the Yellow River Basin.1980-2020 shows a decreasing trend of arable land,water area and unused land in the Yellow River Basin,and an increasing trend of forest land,grassland and construction land,reflecting the impact of the return of farmland to forest and grass and the construction of soil and water conservation projects in the Yellow River Basin since the 1980 s.The large changes in land use types from2010 to 2020 indicate that the rate of urbanization construction in China greatly increased after2010,and the intervention of human activities gradually became significant.(3)In the past 40 years,the water conservation function,soil conservation function and habitat quality of the Yellow River Basin showed an upward trend,while the carbon storage function showed a downward trend.Spatially,the ecosystem service functions of the Yellow River Basin have not changed much,with the water-catching function,soil conservation function and habitat quality being higher in the upper reaches of the Yellow River,and the carbon storage function being higher in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin and better in the lower reaches.(4)The main influencing factors of water-supporting function in the Yellow River basin are mainly land use type,rainfall and elevation,the main influencing factor of soil conservation function is slope,followed by rainfall,soil type,rainfall erosion and NDVI,and the dominant factor of carbon storage function and habitat quality is land use type.(5)By constructing ecological source sites and ecological security zoning,the optimization scheme of ecological landscape pattern in the Yellow River Basin was proposed,and the optimized water content increased by 0.67%,soil conservation decreased by 5.12%,carbon storage increased by 1.96%,and habitat quality increased by 3.45%.The research results can provide scientific basis for ecosystem protection and restoration management in the Yellow River Basin. |
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