Spatial And Temporal Evolution Of Ecosystem Service Functions In The Middle Reaches Of The Yangtze River Based On The InVEST Model

Ecosystem service functions are closely related to human survival and are of great significance to economic development and social progress.The middle reaches of the Yangtze River are connected to the north and the south,the east and the west,and are an important part of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.In recent years,with the expansion of cities and towns,the overexploitation of mineral and biological resources has led to the degradation of resources and the reduction of biodiversity species,and the degradation of ecosystem services.Taking the middle reaches of the Yangtze River as the research area,using basic data such as land use type data and meteorological data,combined with GIS technology and In VEST model,this paper analyzes the ecosystem service functions of the four phases of 2005,2010,2015 and2020,explores the spatio-temporal changes of ecosystem service functions of water conservation,soil conservation,carbon storage and habitat quality,studies the impact of different land use patterns on ecosystem service functions,and divides the four ecosystem service functions into important areas.Comprehensively study the important areas of ecosystem service functions,analyze the coordinated development and changes of ecosystem service functions and economy in combination with economic development data analysis,and analyze the coupling and coordination degree of the two,in order to provide data support and scientific basis for ecosystem protection.The main conclusions of this article are as follows:(1)Water yield:The overall water conservation capacity showed an increasing trend,the total amount of water conservation increased by 101.58 billion m~3,and the water conservation per unit area increased by 180,000 m~3/km~2;the overall spatial distribution showed a trend of increasing from northwest to southeast;the order of water conservation capacity in various categories was:grassland>woodland>cultivated land>water area>unused land>Construction land.(2)Soil conservation:Soil conservation as a whole showed an increasing trend,the total amount of soil conservation increased by 2830.567 million tons,and the amount of soil conservation per unit area increased by 5012.5t/km~2;the spatial distribution showed a trend of"high in the south/northwest-low in the middle/north";the order of soil conservation capacity in various categories was:woodland>grassland>cultivated land>waters>unused land>Construction land.(3)Carbon storage:Carbon storage as a whole showed a downward trend,the total amount of carbon storage decreased by 56.667 million tons,and the amount of carbon storage per unit area decreased by 100.35t/km~2;the spatial distribution showed a trend of"high around the area-low in the middle";the carbon storage capacity of different land types was from high to low:woodland>grassland>arable land>water area>unused land>construction land.(4)Habitat quality:the overall quality of habitat showed a weak downward trend;the spatial distribution showed a trend of"high around the region to low in the middle";the order of habitat quality index of different land types was:woodland>water>grassland>arable land>unused land>Construction land.(5)Ecosystem important areas:the area of medium-important areas and general areas accounts for more than 60%of the total area in the area;the area of the extremely important areas is the smallest,accounting for only about 5.96%of the total area of the study area;the area of the general important areas accounts for 10.87%;and the area of the important areas accounts for 20.10%of the total area.(6)Economic and ecological coupling coordination:the overall economic development benefits show an upward trend,the overall ecological and environmental benefits show a fluctuating upward trend,the coupling degree between economic development and ecological environment increases,the interaction coupling effect is ideal,the degree of coordination between economic development and ecological environment is improved,and the economic and ecological environment are coordinated and sustainable.