| The contradiction between the socio-economic development of old industrial cities and the ecological protection of the environment is a crucial challenge in the industrialization process of China.In the new era of "ecological civilization" and "beautiful China",the transformation,upgrading,and rational relocation of polluting enterprises in old industrial cities has become a complex problem for the government to guide the industry.A quantitative analysis of the spatial patterns of polluting enterprises in old industrial cities and their influencing factors are conducive to an in-depth understanding of the inner rules and mechanisms of the locational evolution of polluting enterprises,which is of great significance for the rational guidance of polluting enterprises’ relocation and the optimization of industrial layout.This paper examines the spatial pattern evolution of polluting enterprises in Lanzhou City from the perspective of enterprise location evolution,combining the central periphery theory in new economic geography,the path dependency theory in evolutionary economic geography and the regulation theory in environmental,economic geography and others.Based on the data of industrial and commercial enterprise registration in Lanzhou City from 1990 to 2020,the exploratory spatial analysis and the GWR model are used to study the spatial pattern evolution of polluting enterprises in Lanzhou City.The conclusions of the research is as follows:(1)From an overall perspective,the uneven distribution of polluting enterprises in Lanzhou is evident and tends to slow down gradually.Firstly,the number of polluting enterprises continues to decline in the central urban area,and then rises in the suburban area,and continues to decline and then rises in the distant suburban area,with prominent suburbanisation characteristics and the phenomenon of divergence between the near and distant suburban areas.Secondly,there are several "core-edge" structures of polluting enterprises and a trend of "centre-suburban-border area-development zone/new area The trend of "centre-periphery-border area-development zone/new area".Thirdly,the hotspots of polluting enterprises are mainly inside the river valley,supplemented by the outside of the river valley,showing the evolutionary characteristics of "decentralised peripheral suburban shift-shift away from the core sensitive area-centralised functional area shift".(2)From the perspective of enterprise heterogeneity,polluting enterprises of different types and scales tend to show different spatial organization patterns and hotspot areas due to their asset allocation,target service recipients’ attributes and different environmental regulation threshold conditions.In terms of type heterogeneity,waste gas-polluting enterprises gradually move downwind of the city and show the characteristics of divergence within and outside the river valley;wastewater-polluting enterprises tend to cluster away from the border and have the characteristics of being distributed close to outflowing rivers;solid waste polluting enterprises cluster around population concentrations,industrial and mining concentrations and others.In terms of scale heterogeneity,large-scale polluting enterprises have always taken the central urban area as their core,with the gradual construction of Lanzhou New District forming a sub-core in the distant suburbs;medium-scale polluting enterprises have gradually moved to the central urban areas of various districts and counties,mainly in the Chengguan Group and Honggu Group;smaller-scale polluting enterprises have gradually moved to the traffic arteries,centralized functional areas and the central urban areas of various districts and counties based on the Chengguan Group,the Anning Group and the Yongdeng Group as their centres.And the central urban areas of districts and counties.(3)From the perspective of spatial heterogeneity,the overall different types and scales of polluting enterprises are characterized by spatial heterogeneity and scale variability in the process of location selection concerning such dimensions as traditional location,regional characteristics,environmental externalities and facility diversity characteristics.Firstly,the overall spatial pattern of polluting enterprises is mainly influenced by multiple factors such as the benchmark land price of industrial land,the historical base of industry,the base of top 100 industrial enterprises,geographical location,development zones,urban wind direction,comprehensive consulting services,scientific research institution services,and leisure and entertainment services.Secondly,by type,the urban wind direction variable has a significant positive effect on the location of waste gas-polluting enterprises;the shortest distance variable from the nearest river has an apparent positive effect on the location of wastewater-polluting enterprises;the shortest distance variable from the urban border has a noticeable repulsive effect on the location of solid waste-polluting enterprises.Thirdly,by scale,the location of larger polluting enterprises is significantly dependent on the path of the old industrial zone;the variable of highly qualified personnel polarizes the location of medium-sized polluting enterprises;the location of smaller polluting enterprises is strongly influenced by the three variables of topographic relief,highly qualified personnel and freight transfer hub.(4)In general,the mechanism of location selection of polluting enterprises in Lanzhou has both the standard features of general enterprise location selection and the individual features of polluting enterprise location selection,as well as the stage and regional features of polluting enterprise location selection in old industrial cities,and multiple factors intertwine to form the complex mechanism of polluting enterprise location selection in old industrial cities. |
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