Spatial Distribution Of Polluting Enterprises Andits Influencing Factors In Central China

Since the reform and opening up,the economy has developed rapidly with the acceleration of industrialization process in China.However,the industrial pollution that followed has also received more and more attention.The industrial restructuring has begun under the pressure of the environmental pollution and some polluting enterprises have begun to shift to the more moderately central and western regions from the eastern part of China,where economic development is relatively fast.In the central and western regions where the economy is relatively backward,for the economic development of the region,it will not hesitate to attract investment at the expense of the environment.Although this will bring faster economic development in the short term,it is extremely unfavorable for local long-term development.The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors affecting the location selection of polluting enterprises in the central part of the China.This paper can provide a reference for the formulation and implementation of environmental regulation policies in the central region,in accordance with rationally guiding the spatial layout of polluting enterprises,and optimizing the industrial structure.The spatial distribution of enterprises is the result of location selection.This paper first analyzes the spatial distribution changes of polluting enterprises in the central region,and then empirically analyzes the influencing factors affecting polluting enterprises by using Poisson and negative binomial panel models.In the end it draw some conclusions and formulated some corresponding environmental policies based on the conclusion,which could guide the rational development of polluting enterprises in central China.The research finds that:(1)From 2003 to 2011,the economic development of the central region is relatively backward relative to the national average and the industrial structure there is also relatively backward.However,the speed of the economic development in the central region is relatively fast and it is gradually approaching the national level.(2)From the perspective of the spatial distribution of the output value of polluting enterprises and the number of newly-founded polluting enterprises,polluting enterprises are mainly distributed in central areas and provincial capital cities in the central region,which are the cities with relatively good economic development,and the spatial autocorrelation of the polluting enterprises were significantly strong,and the correlation was positive.(3)The spatial distribution of polluting enterprises is affected by the cost factors of enterprises,which are divided into general costs and environmental costs.Enterprise environmental costs include three aspects: environmental regulation,environmental quality and public pressure.For polluting enterprises in the central region,environmental regulation has a negative correlation with the location of enterprises due to the relatively backward economic development,which means that in order to attract investment the government can give a” one eye closed” attitude to the polluting enterprises,as long as they can bring the acceleration of local economy.In that way the central China has become the “pollution shelter” of the eastern China and some developed countries abroad.Public pressure has a significant impact on the location selection of polluting enterprises.For areas with strong environmental awareness and convenient information dissemination,the numbers of newly founded polluting enterprises is relatively small,which indicates that the hidden costs brought by the public to polluting enterprises are still relatively low considerable.(4)The general cost includes labor cost,transportation cost,agglomeration and degree of openness,and market size.The impact on the spatial layout of polluting enterprises is more consistent with the impact on general enterprises.The greater degree of openness to the outside world,the higher degree of openness.The more new polluting companies are.Transportation costs have a positive effect on the location of polluting enterprises,and industrial agglomeration is a “crushing effect” for polluting enterprises.The impact of labor costs is significantly positively correlated,and labor costs are no longer a factor in determining the location of firms.