| At the Party’s 20 th National Congress,it was proposed to "uphold the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains,rivers,forests,farmland,lakes,grass,and sand,and build a modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature".The adaptive governance of territorial space treats the relationship between man and land dynamically from the perspective of scientific system,adjusts and improves the system according to the predicted changes or the impact of the actual situation,proposes more effective and sustainable governance methods,so as to achieve the goal of improving human welfare,promote the integration of national governance system,systematization and institutionalization,and solve the development dilemma faced by the watershed.From the perspective of watershed governance,the adaptive governance mode at the watershed level has long been carried out in China,and a "one core and three dimensional" governance structure based on the integrity of the territorial space has been established.On this basis,the realization of "co-construction,co-governance and shared benefits" in the regional areas has been promoted.However,in recent years,the frequent occurrence of extreme weather and climate disasters such as high temperature,flood and drought related to climate change,coupled with the interference of economic globalization and human activities,the complexity and uncertainty of the internal variables of the basin system are enhanced,and the resilience and adaptability of the system are declining.As a typical complex and giant system,arid inland river basin is an important zone in the construction of ecological civilization in our country and an important carrier of sustainable development of regional economy and society.The assessment of its governance effect is the basis to grasp the systemic governance situation and adjust the regional security state,and has scientific reference value for the transformation of regional governance mode,which will promote the harmonious coexistence of human and water.Regional sustainable development and promoting the modernization of watershed governance system have important practical significance.Based on this,this paper takes Shiyang River Basin as the study case area,based on the basic geographic and statistical data of Shiyang River Basin in 2000,2010 and2020.First,through sorting out the governance planning and policy means of Shiyang River Basin,this paper analyzes its adaptive governance process and evolution law.Secondly,on the basis of interpreting the connotation and objectives of watershed governance development,an evaluation framework based on pressure,adaptation and resilience was determined,and an evaluation index system of adaptive governance effectiveness of Shiyang River Basin territorial space was constructed,which was oriented by adaptive governance with a total of 18 specific indicators.The TOPSIS model of entropy weight was used to calculate the governance effect.Finally,the diagnostic model of obstacle factors was used to identify the main obstacle factors and their obstacle degree values affecting the improvement of adaptive governance effectiveness in Shiyang River basin.Combined with the sustainable development and governance of Shiyang River basin,development countermeasures were proposed to optimize the adaptive governance of Shiyang River basin.The results show that:(1)The governance process of Shiyang River basin presents distinct stage characteristics.From the perspective of evolution logic,the overall governance practice can be divided into: There are four stages: experimental and exploratory period(1959-1990),initial treatment period(1990-2007),comprehensive treatment period(2007-2015),and comprehensive recovery period(2015-present).On the whole,it presents a continuous mature and perfect process of preliminary exploration with adaptive policy system as the goal,multi-subject participation mode construction with all-area overall planning as the premise,development from the main line of trans-regional collaborative governance to the comprehensive transformation of basin governance with multi-center governance as the guidance.(2)In the past 30 years,the adaptive governance level of Shiyang River Basin has experienced two stages,from 0.432 in 2000 to 0.414 in 2010,and then to 0.468 in 2020.This indicates that under the efforts of multiple subjects,the current development trend is good,but the evaluation index is still low,not to reach a higher level of governance.The adaptive management index of pressure layer in the study area showed a gradual upward trend,and the index value was below 0.2 from 2000 to 2020.The adaptation layer and the toughness layer decreased first and then continued to rise.The ecological efficiency of resource creation in the basin was continuously improved,and the positive effects of various pressures played a good role.On the whole,the adaptive governance in this region is in a stable and good operation state,but the vulnerability,repetition,instability and imbalance of governance have always existed.In order to realize the sustainable development of the social ecosystem of the basin,the institutional construction of adaptive governance should be continuously strengthened.(3)The obstacle factors affecting the improvement of territorial spatial adaptability in Shiyang River Basin mainly include 18 factors,including per capita water resources in 2000,local financial expenditure,proportion of investment in agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery,quality of source area and other factors,per capita water resources in 2010,regional GDP growth rate,local financial expenditure,proportion of ecological land area,etc.Factors such as per capita water resources,effective irrigated area,per capita cultivated land and regional GDP growth rate in 2020 are the most important obstacle factors affecting the improvement of territorial spatial adaptability governance in Shiyang River Basin in different periods.Per capita water resources,local fiscal expenditure,and regional GDP growth rate are the dominant obstacle factors affecting the improvement of adaptive governance effectiveness in Shiyang River Basin,while the effective irrigated area,per capita cultivated land,the proportion of ecological land area,the quality of source area,and the proportion of investment in agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery are the important obstacle factors affecting the improvement of adaptive governance effectiveness in Shiyang River Basin.(4)Based on the evaluation and analysis of the effectiveness of territorial spatial adaptive governance in Shiyang River Basin as well as the identification and analysis of obstacle factors,this paper proposes optimization strategies to improve the adaptive governance level of Shiyang River from the aspects of optimal utilization of water resources in the basin,construction of the legal guarantee of adaptive governance in the basin,and watershed governance mode.In terms of watershed ecological construction,the development,transformation mode and cultivation of emerging industries adapted to water resources are put forward.In the aspect of water resource allocation,overall consideration,harmonious coexistence of human and water,pay attention to the contradiction between supply and demand,etc.In the aspect of institutional guarantee,the consultation mechanism,policy system and measures to improve the technical level are put forward. |
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